6、反转一个单链表
def reverseList(self, head):
cur, prev = head, None
while cur:
cur.next, prec, cur = prev, cur, cur.next
return prev
6、链表交换相邻元素
def swapPairs(self, head):
pre, pre.next = self, head
while pre.next and pre.next.next:
a = pre.next
b = a.next
pre.next, b.next, a.next = b, a, b.next
pre = a
return self.next
6、给定一个链表，判断链表中是否有环
(1)硬做遍历
(2)用set集合直接判重 o(n*1)
(3)快慢指针
def hasCycle(self, head):
fast = slow = head
while slow and fast and fast.next:
slow = slow.next
fast = fast.next.next
if slow is fast:
return true
return false
7、理论讲解：堆栈&队列
FILO栈
FIFO队列
8、判断括号字符串是否有效
def isValid(self, s):
stack = []
paren_map = {')': '(', ']': '[', '}': '{'}
for c in s:
if c not in paren_map:
stack.append(c)
elif not stack or paren_map[c] != stack.pop();
renturn false
return not stack
public boolean isValid(String s){
int length;
do{
length = s.length();
s = s.replace("()", "").replace("{}", "").replace("[]", "");
} while(length != s.length());
return s.length() == 0;
}
class Solution {
public boolean isValid(String s) {
int n = s.length();
if (n % 2 == 1) {
return false;
}
Map<Character, Character> pairs = new HashMap<Character, Character>() {{
put(')', '(');
put(']', '[');
put('}', '{');
}};
Deque<Character> stack = new LinkedList<Character>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
char ch = s.charAt(i);
if (pairs.containsKey(ch)) {
if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.peek() != pairs.get(ch)) {
return false;
}
stack.pop();
} else {
stack.push(ch);
}
}
return stack.isEmpty();
}
}
9、用队列实现栈
class MyStack {
Queue<Integer> queue1;
Queue<Integer> queue2;
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public MyStack() {
queue1 = new LinkedList<Integer>();
queue2 = new LinkedList<Integer>();
}
/** Push element x onto stack. */
public void push(int x) {
queue2.offer(x);
while (!queue1.isEmpty()) {
queue2.offer(queue1.poll());
}
Queue<Integer> temp = queue1;
queue1 = queue2;
queue2 = temp;
}
/** Removes the element on top of the stack and returns that element. */
public int pop() {
return queue1.poll();
}
/** Get the top element. */
public int top() {
return queue1.peek();
}
/** Returns whether the stack is empty. */
public boolean empty() {
return queue1.isEmpty();
}
}
9、用栈实现队列
class MyQueue {
private Stack<Integer> a;// 输入栈
private Stack<Integer> b;// 输出栈
public MyQueue() {
a = new Stack<>();
b = new Stack<>();
}
public void push(int x) {
a.push(x);
}
public int pop() {
// 如果b栈为空，则将a栈全部弹出并压入b栈中，然后b.pop()
if(b.isEmpty()){
while(!a.isEmpty()){
b.push(a.pop());
}
}
return b.pop();
}
public int peek() {
if(b.isEmpty()){
while(!a.isEmpty()){
b.push(a.pop());
}
}
return b.peek();
}
public boolean empty() {
return a.isEmpty() && b.isEmpty();
}
}
10、优先队列
11、返回数据流中的第K大元素
class KthLargest {
PriorityQueue<Integer> pq;
int k;
public KthLargest(int k, int[] nums) {
this.k = k;
pq = new PriorityQueue<Integer>();
for (int x : nums) {
add(x);
}
}
public int add(int val) {
pq.offer(val);
if (pq.size() > k) {
pq.poll();
}
return pq.peek();
}
}
12、返回滑动窗口中的最大值
优先队列：
class Solution {
public int[] maxSlidingWindow(int[] nums, int k) {
int n = nums.length;
// 1. 优先队列存放的是二元组(num,index) : 大顶堆（元素大小不同按元素大小排列，元素大小相同按下标进行排列）
// num : 是为了比较元素大小
// index : 是为了判断窗口的大小是否超出范围
PriorityQueue<int[]> pq = new PriorityQueue<int[]>(new Comparator<int[]>(){
public int compare(int[] pair1,int[] pair2){
return pair1[0] != pair2[0] ? pair2[0] - pair1[0]:pair2[1] - pair1[1];
}
});
// 2. 优选队列初始化 : k个元素的堆
for(int i = 0;i < k;i++){
pq.offer(new int[]{nums[i],i});
}
// 3. 处理堆逻辑
int[] res = new int[n - k + 1]; // 初始化结果数组长度 ：一共有 n - k + 1个窗口
res[0] = pq.peek()[0]; // 初始化res[0] ： 拿出目前堆顶的元素
for(int i = k;i < n;i++){ // 向右移动滑动窗口
pq.offer(new int[]{nums[i],i}); // 加入大顶堆中
while(pq.peek()[1] <= i - k){ // 将下标不在滑动窗口中的元素都干掉
pq.poll(); // 维护：堆的大小就是滑动窗口的大小
}
res[i - k + 1] = pq.peek()[0]; // 此时堆顶元素就是滑动窗口的最大值
}
return res;
}
}
单调队列：
class Solution {
public int[] maxSlidingWindow(int[] nums, int k) {
int n = nums.length;
Deque<Integer> deque = new LinkedList<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
while (!deque.isEmpty() && nums[i] >= nums[deque.peekLast()]) {
deque.pollLast();
}
deque.offerLast(i);
}
int[] ans = new int[n - k + 1];
ans[0] = nums[deque.peekFirst()];
for (int i = k; i < n; ++i) {
while (!deque.isEmpty() && nums[i] >= nums[deque.peekLast()]) {
deque.pollLast();
}
deque.offerLast(i);
while (deque.peekFirst() <= i - k) {
deque.pollFirst();
}
ans[i - k + 1] = nums[deque.peekFirst()];
}
return ans;
}
}
分块加预处理：
class Solution {
public int[] maxSlidingWindow(int[] nums, int k) {
int n = nums.length;
int[] prefixMax = new int[n];
int[] suffixMax = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (i % k == 0) {
prefixMax[i] = nums[i];
}
else {
prefixMax[i] = Math.max(prefixMax[i - 1], nums[i]);
}
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
if (i == n - 1 || (i + 1) % k == 0) {
suffixMax[i] = nums[i];
} else {
suffixMax[i] = Math.max(suffixMax[i + 1], nums[i]);
}
}
int[] ans = new int[n - k + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= n - k; ++i) {
ans[i] = Math.max(suffixMax[i], prefixMax[i + k - 1]);
}
return ans;
}
}
13、理论讲解：哈希表
14、有效的字母异位词
（1）排序法
class Solution {
public boolean isAnagram(String s, String t) {
if (s.length() != t.length()) {
return false;
}
//sort(char[] a)按照数字顺序排列指定的数组。
char[] str1 = s.toCharArray();
char[] str2 = t.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(str1);
Arrays.sort(str2);
return Arrays.equals(str1, str2);
}
}
（2）哈希表
//只有小写字母
class Solution {
public boolean isAnagram(String s, String t) {
if (s.length() != t.length()) {
return false;
}
int[] table = new int[26];
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
table[s.charAt(i) - 'a']++;
}
for (int i = 0; i < t.length(); i++) {
table[t.charAt(i) - 'a']--;
if (table[t.charAt(i) - 'a'] < 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
//各种字符
class Solution {
public boolean isAnagram(String s, String t) {
if (s.length() != t.length()) {
return false;
}
Map<Character, Integer> table = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
//getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue)
//返回到指定键所映射的值，或 defaultValue如果此映射包含该键的映射。
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char ch = s.charAt(i);
table.put(ch, table.getOrDefault(ch, 0) + 1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < t.length(); i++) {
char ch = t.charAt(i);
table.put(ch, table.getOrDefault(ch, 0) - 1);
if (table.get(ch) < 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
15、两数之和
（1）暴力枚举
class Solution {
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
int n = nums.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; ++j) {
if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {
return new int[]{i, j};
}
}
}
return new int[0];
}
}
（2）哈希表
class Solution {
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
Map<Integer, Integer> hashtable = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
//containsKey(Object key)
//如果此映射包含指定键的映射，则返回 true
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
if (hashtable.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {
return new int[]{hashtable.get(target - nums[i]), i};
}
hashtable.put(nums[i], i);
}
return new int[0];
}
}
16、三数之和
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {// 总时间复杂度：O(n^2)
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
if (nums == null || nums.length <= 2) return ans;
Arrays.sort(nums); // O(nlogn)
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length - 2; i++) { // O(n^2)
if (nums[i] > 0) break; // 第一个数大于 0，后面的数都比它大，肯定不成立了
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) continue; // 去掉重复情况
int target = -nums[i];
int left = i + 1, right = nums.length - 1;
while (left < right) {
if (nums[left] + nums[right] == target) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[left], nums[right])));
// 现在要增加 left，减小 right，但是不能重复，比如: [-2, -1, -1, -1, 3, 3, 3], i = 0, left = 1, right = 6, [-2, -1, 3] 的答案加入后，需要排除重复的 -1 和 3
left++; right--; // 首先无论如何先要进行加减操作
while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]) left++;
while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right + 1]) right--;
} else if (nums[left] + nums[right] < target) {
left++;
} else { // nums[left] + nums[right] > target
right--;
}
}
}
return ans;
}
}
16、四数之和
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> fourSum(int[] nums, int target) {
List<List<Integer>> quadruplets = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
if (nums == null || nums.length < 4) {
return quadruplets;
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int length = nums.length;
for (int i = 0; i < length - 3; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
if (nums[i] + nums[i + 1] + nums[i + 2] + nums[i + 3] > target) {
break;
}
if (nums[i] + nums[length - 3] + nums[length - 2] + nums[length - 1] < target) {
continue;
}
for (int j = i + 1; j < length - 2; j++) {
if (j > i + 1 && nums[j] == nums[j - 1]) {
continue;
}
if (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[j + 1] + nums[j + 2] > target) {
break;
}
if (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[length - 2] + nums[length - 1] < target) {
continue;
}
int left = j + 1, right = length - 1;
while (left < right) {
int sum = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum == target) {
quadruplets.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[j], nums[left], nums[right]));
while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left + 1]) {
left++;
}
left++;
while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right - 1]) {
right--;
}
right--;
} else if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else {
right--;
}
}
}
}
return quadruplets;
}
}
17、树&二叉树&二叉搜索树
LinkedList就是特殊化的tree
tree就是特殊化的Graph
17、验证二叉搜索树
巧妙递归
class Solution {
public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
return isValidBST(root, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode node, long lower, long upper) {
if (node == null) {
return true;
}
if (node.val <= lower || node.val >= upper) {
return false;
}
return isValidBST(node.left, lower, node.val) && isValidBST(node.right, node.val, upper);
}
}
优化版中序遍历
class Solution {
long pre = Long.MIN_VALUE; // 记录上一个节点的值，初始值为Long的最小值
public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
return inorder(root);
}
// 中序遍历
private boolean inorder(TreeNode node) {
if(node == null) return true;
boolean l = inorder(node.left);
if(node.val <= pre) return false;
pre = node.val;
boolean r = inorder(node.right);
return l && r;
}
}
17、二叉树&二叉搜索树最近公共祖先
二叉树
二叉搜索树
递归算法
非递归
18、二叉树遍历
前序遍历
后续遍历
中序遍历
19、递归和分治
递归模板
斐波那契额
分治模板
20、求X的N次方
先判断奇数偶数
再进行分治
递归
非递归
//快速幂迭代
class Solution {
public double myPow(double x, int n) {
long N = n;
return N >= 0 ? quickMul(x, N) : 1.0 / quickMul(x, -N);
}
public double quickMul(double x, long N) {
if (N == 0) {
return 1.0;
}
double y = quickMul(x, N / 2);
return N % 2 == 0 ? y * y : y * y * x;
}
}
//快速幂递归
class Solution {
public double myPow(double x, int n) {
long N = n;
return N >= 0 ? quickMul(x, N) : 1.0 / quickMul(x, -N);
}
public double quickMul(double x, long N) {
if (N == 0) {
return 1.0;
}
double y = quickMul(x, N / 2);
return N % 2 == 0 ? y * y : y * y * x;
}
}
//递归分治
// class Solution {
// public double myPow(double x, int n) {
// if(n == 0){
// return 1;
// }
// if(x == 1){
// return 1;
// }
// if(n < 0){
// return 1.00/myPow(x, -n);
// }
// if(n%2 == 1){
// return x*myPow(x, n-1);
// }
// return myPow(x*x, n/2);
// }
// }
//非递归分治
class Solution {
public double myPow(double x, int n) {
double pow = 1.00;
if(n < 0){
x = 1/x;
n = -n;
}
while(n != 0){
if((n&1) != 0){//判断奇偶，是奇就执行
pow *= x;
}
x *= x;
n >>= 1;//也就是除二操作
}
return pow;
}
}
21、求众数 majority
哈希表
class Solution {
private Map<Integer, Integer> countNums(int[] nums) {
Map<Integer, Integer> counts = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
for (int num : nums) {
if (!counts.containsKey(num)) {
counts.put(num, 1);
} else {
counts.put(num, counts.get(num) + 1);
}
}
return counts;
}
public int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
Map<Integer, Integer> counts = countNums(nums);
Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> majorityEntry = null;
for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : counts.entrySet()) {
if (majorityEntry == null || entry.getValue() > majorityEntry.getValue()) {
majorityEntry = entry;
}
}
return majorityEntry.getKey();
}
}
暴力
sort
class Solution {
public int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
Arrays.sort(nums);
return nums[nums.length / 2];
}
}
随机化
class Solution {
private int randRange(Random rand, int min, int max) {
return rand.nextInt(max - min) + min;
}
private int countOccurences(int[] nums, int num) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
if (nums[i] == num) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
public int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
Random rand = new Random();
int majorityCount = nums.length / 2;
while (true) {
int candidate = nums[randRange(rand, 0, nums.length)];
if (countOccurences(nums, candidate) > majorityCount) {
return candidate;
}
}
}
}
分治
class Solution {
private int countInRange(int[] nums, int num, int lo, int hi) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = lo; i <= hi; i++) {
if (nums[i] == num) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
private int majorityElementRec(int[] nums, int lo, int hi) {
// base case; the only element in an array of size 1 is the majority
// element.
if (lo == hi) {
return nums[lo];
}
// recurse on left and right halves of this slice.
int mid = (hi - lo) / 2 + lo;
int left = majorityElementRec(nums, lo, mid);
int right = majorityElementRec(nums, mid + 1, hi);
// if the two halves agree on the majority element, return it.
if (left == right) {
return left;
}
// otherwise, count each element and return the "winner".
int leftCount = countInRange(nums, left, lo, hi);
int rightCount = countInRange(nums, right, lo, hi);
return leftCount > rightCount ? left : right;
}
public int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
return majorityElementRec(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
}
}
22、贪心算法
23、买卖股票的最佳时机
// 动态规划
public class Solution {
public int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
int len = prices.length;
if (len < 2) {
return 0;
}
int[] have = new int[len]; // 表示第i天持有股票所得最多现金
int[] no = new int[len]; // 表示第i天不持有股票所得最多现金
have[0] = -prices[0]; // 此时的持有股票就一定是买入股票了
no[0] = 0; // 不持有股票那么现金就是0
for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
have[i] = Math.max(have[i-1], no[i-1] - prices[i]); // 唯一不同之处
no[i] = Math.max(no[i-1], prices[i] + have[i-1]);
}
return no[len - 1];
}
}
// 贪心法
class Solution {
public int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
int ans = 0;
int n = prices.length;
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
ans += Math.max(0, prices[i] - prices[i - 1]);
}
return ans;
}
}
24、广度优先搜索
25、深度优先搜索
非递归
递归
26、二叉树的最大和最小深度
BFS
class Solution {
public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return 0;
}
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
queue.offer(root);
int ans = 0;
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
int size = queue.size();
while (size > 0) {
TreeNode node = queue.poll();
if (node.left != null) {
queue.offer(node.left);
}
if (node.right != null) {
queue.offer(node.right);
}
size--;
}
ans++;
}
return ans;
}
}
DFS
class Solution {
public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return 0;
} else {
int leftHeight = maxDepth(root.left);
int rightHeight = maxDepth(root.right);
return Math.max(leftHeight, rightHeight) + 1;
}
}
}
class Solution {
public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
return root == null ? 0 : 1 + Math.max(maxDepth(root.left), maxDepth(root.right));
}
}
最小深度
class Solution {
public int minDepth(TreeNode root) {
if(root == null)return 0;
int left = minDepth(root.left);
int right = minDepth(root.right);
return (right == 0 || left == 0) ?
right + left + 1
: Math.min(right, left) + 1;
}
}
class Solution {
class QueueNode {
TreeNode node;
int depth;
public QueueNode(TreeNode node, int depth) {
this.node = node;
this.depth = depth;
}
}
public int minDepth(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return 0;
}
Queue<QueueNode> queue = new LinkedList<QueueNode>();
queue.offer(new QueueNode(root, 1));
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
QueueNode nodeDepth = queue.poll();
TreeNode node = nodeDepth.node;
int depth = nodeDepth.depth;
if (node.left == null && node.right == null) {
return depth;
}
if (node.left != null) {
queue.offer(new QueueNode(node.left, depth + 1));
}
if (node.right != null) {
queue.offer(new QueueNode(node.right, depth + 1));
}
}
return 0;
}
}
27、生成有效括号组合
class Solution {
public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
gen(0, 0, n, "", list);
return list;
}
void gen(int left, int right, int n, String result, List<String> list){
if(left == n && right == n){
list.add(result);
return;
}
if(left < n){
gen(left + 1, right, n, result + "(", list);
}
if(left > right && right < n){
gen(left, right + 1, n, result + ")", list);
}
return;
}
}
28、剪枝
把较差的剪掉
29、N皇后问题
clone复制
class Solution {
public List<List<String>> solveNQueens(int n) {
List<List<String>> solutions = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
int[] queens = new int[n];
Arrays.fill(queens, -1);
Set<Integer> columns = new HashSet<Integer>();
Set<Integer> diagonals1 = new HashSet<Integer>();
Set<Integer> diagonals2 = new HashSet<Integer>();
backtrack(solutions, queens, n, 0, columns, diagonals1, diagonals2);
return solutions;
}
public void backtrack(List<List<String>> solutions, int[] queens, int n, int row, Set<Integer> columns, Set<Integer> diagonals1, Set<Integer> diagonals2) {
if (row == n) {
List<String> board = generateBoard(queens, n);
solutions.add(board);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (columns.contains(i)) {
continue;
}
int diagonal1 = row - i;
if (diagonals1.contains(diagonal1)) {
continue;
}
int diagonal2 = row + i;
if (diagonals2.contains(diagonal2)) {
continue;
}
queens[row] = i;
columns.add(i);
diagonals1.add(diagonal1);
diagonals2.add(diagonal2);
backtrack(solutions, queens, n, row + 1, columns, diagonals1, diagonals2);
queens[row] = -1;
columns.remove(i);
diagonals1.remove(diagonal1);
diagonals2.remove(diagonal2);
}
}
}
public List<String> generateBoard(int[] queens, int n) {
List<String> board = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
char[] row = new char[n];
Arrays.fill(row, '.');
row[queens[i]] = 'Q';
board.add(new String(row));
}
return board;
}
}
30、数独
class Solution {
public void solveSudoku(char[][] board){
if(board == null || board.length == 0)return;
solve(board);
}
boolean solve(char[][] board){
for(int i = 0; i < board.length; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < board[0].length; j++){
if(board[i][j] == '.'){
for(char c = '1'; c <= '9'; c++){
if(isValid(board, i, j, c)){
board[i][j] = c;
if(solve(board)){
return true;
}else{
board[i][j] = '.';
}
}
}
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
private boolean isValid(char[][] board, int row, int col, char c){
for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++){
if(board[i][col] != '.' && board[i][col] == c) return false;
if(board[row][i] != '.' && board[row][i] == c) return false;
if(board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] != '.'
&& board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] == c) return false;
}
return true;
}
}
31、二分查找
模板代码
32、字典树
32、实现一个字典树
leetcode 208
class Trie {
private Trie[] children;
private boolean isEnd;
public Trie() {
children = new Trie[26];
isEnd = false;
}
public void insert(String word) {
Trie node = this;
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
char ch = word.charAt(i);
int index = ch - 'a';
if (node.children[index] == null) {
node.children[index] = new Trie();
}
node = node.children[index];
}
node.isEnd = true;
}
public boolean search(String word) {
Trie node = searchPrefix(word);
return node != null && node.isEnd;
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
return searchPrefix(prefix) != null;
}
private Trie searchPrefix(String prefix) {
Trie node = this;
for (int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); i++) {
char ch = prefix.charAt(i);
int index = ch - 'a';
if (node.children[index] == null) {
return null;
}
node = node.children[index];
}
return node;
}
}
32、面试题：二维网格中的单词搜索问题
力扣212
给定一个 m x n 二维字符网格 board 和一个单词（字符串）列表 words，找出所有同时在二维网格和字典中出现的单词。
单词必须按照字母顺序，通过 相邻的单元格 内的字母构成，其中“相邻”单元格是那些水平相邻或垂直相邻的单元格。同一个单元格内的字母在一个单词中不允许被重复使用。
示例 1：
输入：board = [["o","a","a","n"],["e","t","a","e"],["i","h","k","r"],["i","f","l","v"]], words = ["oath","pea","eat","rain"]
输出：["eat","oath"]
示例 2：
输入：board = [["a","b"],["c","d"]], words = ["abcb"]
输出：[]
//字典树
class Trie {
private Trie[] children;
private boolean isEnd;
public Trie() {
children = new Trie[26];
isEnd = false;
}
public void insert(String word) {
Trie node = this;
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
char ch = word.charAt(i);
int index = ch - 'a';
if (node.children[index] == null) {
node.children[index] = new Trie();
}
node = node.children[index];
}
node.isEnd = true;
}
public boolean search(String word) {
Trie node = searchPrefix(word);
return node != null && node.isEnd;
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
return searchPrefix(prefix) != null;
}
private Trie searchPrefix(String prefix) {
Trie node = this;
for (int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); i++) {
char ch = prefix.charAt(i);
int index = ch - 'a';
if (node.children[index] == null) {
return null;
}
node = node.children[index];
}
return node;
}
}
//程序实现
class Solution {
Set<String> res = new HashSet<String>();
public List<String> findWords(char[][] board, String[] words) {
Trie trie = new Trie();
for(String word : words){
trie.insert(word);
}
int n = board.length;
int m = board[0].length;
boolean[][] visited = new boolean[n][m];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
dfs(board, visited, "", i, j, trie);
}
}
return new ArrayList<String> (res);
}
void dfs(char[][] board, boolean[][] visited, String str, int x, int y, Trie trie){
if(x >= board.length || x < 0 || y >= board[0].length || y < 0)return;
if(visited[x][y])return;
str += board[x][y];
if(!trie.startsWith(str))return;
if(trie.search(str)){
res.add(str);
}
visited[x][y] = true;
dfs(board, visited, str, x - 1, y, trie);
dfs(board, visited, str, x , y - 1, trie);
dfs(board, visited, str, x , y + 1, trie);
dfs(board, visited, str, x + 1 , y, trie);
visited[x][y] = false;
}
}
33、位运算
34、统计1的个数
public class Solution {
// you need to treat n as an unsigned value
public int hammingWeight(int n) {
int res = 0;
for(; n != 0; n &= n - 1)
++res;
return res;
}
}
35、2的幂次方是否是
class Solution {
public boolean isPowerOfTwo(int n) {
if(n == -2147483648)return false;
int res = 0;
for(; n!=0; n = n & n - 1)
++res;
return res == 1 ? true : false;
}
}//还可以简化一下
36、比特位计数
class Solution {
public int[] countBits(int n) {
int[] res = new int[n+1];
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
res[i] += res[i & (i - 1)] + 1;
}
return res;
}
}
37、位运算的N皇后
class Solution {
public int totalNQueens(int n) {
return solve(n, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
public int solve(int n, int row, int columns, int diagonals1, int diagonals2) {
if (row == n) {
return 1;
} else {
int count = 0;
int availablePositions = ((1 << n) - 1) & (~(columns | diagonals1 | diagonals2));
while (availablePositions != 0) {
int position = availablePositions & (-availablePositions);
availablePositions = availablePositions & (availablePositions - 1);
count += solve(n, row + 1, columns | position, (diagonals1 | position) << 1, (diagonals2 | position) >> 1);
}
return count;
}
}
}
38、动态规划
39、爬楼梯
class Solution {
public int climbStairs(int n) {
int p = 0, q = 0, r = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
p = q;
q = r;
r = p + q;
}
return r;
}
}
40、三角形最小路径和
class Solution {
public int minimumTotal(List<List<Integer>> triangle) {
int n = triangle.size();
int[][] f = new int[n][n];
f[0][0] = triangle.get(0).get(0);
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
f[i][0] = f[i - 1][0] + triangle.get(i).get(0);
for (int j = 1; j < i; ++j) {
f[i][j] = Math.min(f[i - 1][j - 1], f[i - 1][j]) + triangle.get(i).get(j);
}
f[i][i] = f[i - 1][i - 1] + triangle.get(i).get(i);
}
int minTotal = f[n - 1][0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
minTotal = Math.min(minTotal, f[n - 1][i]);
}
return minTotal;
}
}
41、乘积最大子序列
class Solution {
public int maxProduct(int[] nums) {
int[][] dp = new int[nums.length][2];
dp[0][1] = nums[0];
dp[0][0] = nums[0];
int res = nums[0];
for(int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++){
dp[i][0] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][0] * nums[i], Math.max(dp[i - 1][1] * nums[i], nums[i]));
dp[i][1] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][0] * nums[i], Math.min(dp[i - 1][1] * nums[i], nums[i]));
res =Math.max(res, dp[i][0]);
}
return res;
}
}
42、买卖股票问题
一个dp解决所有买卖股票问题
一次买卖
不动 买 卖
2次买卖
43、最长上升子序列
//dp
class Solution {
public int lengthOfLIS(int[] nums) {
int[] dp = new int[nums.length];
int res = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
dp[i] = 1;
for(int j = 0; j < i; j++){
if(nums[j]<nums[i])dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i], dp[j]+1);
}
res = Math.max(res, dp[i]);
}
return res;
}
}
二分法
44、零钱兑换
class Solution {
public int coinChange(int[] coins, int amount) {
int max = amount + 1;
int[] dp = new int[max];
// for(int i = 1; i <= amount; i++){
// dp[i] = max;
// }
Arrays.fill(dp, max);
dp[0] = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= amount; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < coins.length; j++){
if(coins[j] <= i){
dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i], dp[i - coins[j]] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[amount] > amount ? -1 : dp[amount];
}
}
45、编辑距离
class Solution {
public int minDistance(String word1, String word2) {
int n = word1.length();
int m = word2.length();
// 有一个字符串为空串
if (n * m == 0) {
return n + m;
}
// DP 数组
int[][] D = new int[n + 1][m + 1];
// 边界状态初始化
for (int i = 0; i < n + 1; i++) {
D[i][0] = i;
}
for (int j = 0; j < m + 1; j++) {
D[0][j] = j;
}
// 计算所有 DP 值
for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < m + 1; j++) {
int left = D[i - 1][j] + 1;
int down = D[i][j - 1] + 1;
int left_down = D[i - 1][j - 1];
if (word1.charAt(i - 1) != word2.charAt(j - 1)) {
left_down += 1;
}
D[i][j] = Math.min(left, Math.min(down, left_down));
}
}
return D[n][m];
}
}
46、并查集
47、岛屿个数&朋友圈
dfs
class Solution {
public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
int n = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < grid.length; i++){ //遍历每一个点形成的岛屿
for(int j = 0; j < grid[0].length; j++){
if(grid[i][j] == '1'){
dfs(grid, i, j);
n++;
}
}
}
return n;
}
void dfs(char[][] grid, int i, int j){//遍历岛屿遍历完的岛屿变为‘0’
if(i < 0 || i >= grid.length || j < 0 || j >= grid[0].length || grid[i][j] == '0' || grid[i][j] != '1'){
return;
}
grid[i][j] = '0';
dfs(grid, i+1, j);
dfs(grid, i-1, j);
dfs(grid, i, j+1);
dfs(grid, i, j-1);
return;
}
}
class Solution {
void dfs(char[][] grid, int r, int c) {
int nr = grid.length;
int nc = grid[0].length;
if (r < 0 || c < 0 || r >= nr || c >= nc || grid[r][c] == '0') {
return;
}
grid[r][c] = '0';
dfs(grid, r - 1, c);
dfs(grid, r + 1, c);
dfs(grid, r, c - 1);
dfs(grid, r, c + 1);
}
public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
if (grid == null || grid.length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int nr = grid.length;
int nc = grid[0].length;
int num_islands = 0;
for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
if (grid[r][c] == '1') {
++num_islands;
dfs(grid, r, c);
}
}
}
return num_islands;
}
}
bfs
class Solution {
public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
if (grid == null || grid.length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int nr = grid.length;
int nc = grid[0].length;
int num_islands = 0;
for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
if (grid[r][c] == '1') {
++num_islands;
grid[r][c] = '0';
Queue<Integer> neighbors = new LinkedList<>();
neighbors.add(r * nc + c);
while (!neighbors.isEmpty()) {
int id = neighbors.remove();
int row = id / nc;
int col = id % nc;
if (row - 1 >= 0 && grid[row-1][col] == '1') {
neighbors.add((row-1) * nc + col);
grid[row-1][col] = '0';
}
if (row + 1 < nr && grid[row+1][col] == '1') {
neighbors.add((row+1) * nc + col);
grid[row+1][col] = '0';
}
if (col - 1 >= 0 && grid[row][col-1] == '1') {
neighbors.add(row * nc + col-1);
grid[row][col-1] = '0';
}
if (col + 1 < nc && grid[row][col+1] == '1') {
neighbors.add(row * nc + col+1);
grid[row][col+1] = '0';
}
}
}
}
}
return num_islands;
}
}
并查集 这个代码后续再看
class Solution {
class UnionFind {
int count;
int[] parent;
int[] rank;
public UnionFind(char[][] grid) {
count = 0;
int m = grid.length;
int n = grid[0].length;
parent = new int[m * n];
rank = new int[m * n];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
parent[i * n + j] = i * n + j;
++count;
}
rank[i * n + j] = 0;
}
}
}
public int find(int i) {
if (parent[i] != i) parent[i] = find(parent[i]);
return parent[i];
}
public void union(int x, int y) {
int rootx = find(x);
int rooty = find(y);
if (rootx != rooty) {
if (rank[rootx] > rank[rooty]) {
parent[rooty] = rootx;
} else if (rank[rootx] < rank[rooty]) {
parent[rootx] = rooty;
} else {
parent[rooty] = rootx;
rank[rootx] += 1;
}
--count;
}
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
}
public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
if (grid == null || grid.length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int nr = grid.length;
int nc = grid[0].length;
int num_islands = 0;
UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(grid);
for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
if (grid[r][c] == '1') {
grid[r][c] = '0';
if (r - 1 >= 0 && grid[r-1][c] == '1') {
uf.union(r * nc + c, (r-1) * nc + c);
}
if (r + 1 < nr && grid[r+1][c] == '1') {
uf.union(r * nc + c, (r+1) * nc + c);
}
if (c - 1 >= 0 && grid[r][c-1] == '1') {
uf.union(r * nc + c, r * nc + c - 1);
}
if (c + 1 < nc && grid[r][c+1] == '1') {
uf.union(r * nc + c, r * nc + c + 1);
}
}
}
}
return uf.getCount();
}
}
48、LRU Cache
49、LRU 缓存
public class LRUCache {
class DLinkedNode {
int key;
int value;
DLinkedNode prev;
DLinkedNode next;
public DLinkedNode() {}
public DLinkedNode(int _key, int _value) {key = _key; value = _value;}
}
private Map<Integer, DLinkedNode> cache = new HashMap<Integer, DLinkedNode>();
private int size;
private int capacity;
private DLinkedNode head, tail;
public LRUCache(int capacity) {
this.size = 0;
this.capacity = capacity;
// 使用伪头部和伪尾部节点
head = new DLinkedNode();
tail = new DLinkedNode();
head.next = tail;
tail.prev = head;
}
public int get(int key) {
DLinkedNode node = cache.get(key);
if (node == null) {
return -1;
}
// 如果 key 存在，先通过哈希表定位，再移到头部
moveToHead(node);
return node.value;
}
public void put(int key, int value) {
DLinkedNode node = cache.get(key);
if (node == null) {
// 如果 key 不存在，创建一个新的节点
DLinkedNode newNode = new DLinkedNode(key, value);
// 添加进哈希表
cache.put(key, newNode);
// 添加至双向链表的头部
addToHead(newNode);
++size;
if (size > capacity) {
// 如果超出容量，删除双向链表的尾部节点
DLinkedNode tail = removeTail();
// 删除哈希表中对应的项
cache.remove(tail.key);
--size;
}
}
else {
// 如果 key 存在，先通过哈希表定位，再修改 value，并移到头部
node.value = value;
moveToHead(node);
}
}
private void addToHead(DLinkedNode node) {
node.prev = head;
node.next = head.next;
head.next.prev = node;
head.next = node;
}
private void removeNode(DLinkedNode node) {
node.prev.next = node.next;
node.next.prev = node.prev;
}
private void moveToHead(DLinkedNode node) {
removeNode(node);
addToHead(node);
}
private DLinkedNode removeTail() {
DLinkedNode res = tail.prev;
removeNode(res);
return res;
}
}
50、布隆过滤器
51、代码模板
递归
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