python编程 从入门到实践7--测试代码

使用Python模块中unittest工具来测试代码

测试函数

city_functions.py

def strcat_city_country(cityname,countryname):
    namecat = cityname + ', '+countryname
    return  namecat

ex11.py

import unittest
from city_functions import strcat_city_country

class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):#继承了unittest.TestCase类
    '测试city_functions.py'

    def test_two_name(self):
        formatted_name = strcat_city_country('Santiago','Chile')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Santiago, Chile')

if __name__== '__main__':
  #上面这行书中没有，导致报错AttributeError: module '__main__' has no attribute 'test_name_function'
    unittest.main()

注:必须加上if name== ‘main’:
运行结果如下：

成功

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.1, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: \资源, inifile:
collected 1 item
ex11.py .

========================== 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0

错误 把self.assertEqual(formatted_name,‘Santiago, Chile’)内字符串进行更改

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.1, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: D:\code\python code\PythonCrashCourse\资源, inifile:
collected 1 item
ex11.py F
ex11.py:6 (NameTestCase.test_two_name)
Santidago, Chaile,e != Santiago, Chile

Expected :Santiago, Chile
Actual   :Santidago, Chaile,e
 <Click to see difference>

self = <ex11.NameTestCase testMethod=test_two_name>, first = 'Santiago, Chile'
second = 'Santidago, Chaile,e', msg = None

    def _patched_equals(self, first, second, msg=None):
        try:
>           old(self, first, second, msg)

D:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.3.1\helpers\pycharm\teamcity\diff_tools.py:31: 



================================== FAILURES ===================================
_________________________ NameTestCase.test_two_name __________________________

更新11-1 11-2 编写函数 接受3个形参：城市名、国家名、人口（可选）
city_functions.py

def strcat_city_country(cityname,countryname,population=''):
    namecat = cityname.title() + ', '+countryname.title() +' - population '+str(population)
    return  namecat

ex11.py

import unittest
from city_functions import strcat_city_country

class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    '测试city_functions.py'

    def test_two_name(self):
        formatted_name = strcat_city_country('santiago','chile')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Santiago, Chile - population ')
    def test_city_country_population(self):
        formatted_name = strcat_city_country('santiago', 'chile',population=5000000)
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Santiago, Chile - population 5000000')

if __name__== '__main__':
    unittest.main()

均通过

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.1, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: D:\code\python code\PythonCrashCourse\资源, inifile:
collected 2 items
ex11.py ..

========================== 2 passed in 0.00 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0

测试类

大同小异，下面是一个类

class AnonymousSurvey():
    """Collect anonymous answers to a survey question."""
    
    def __init__(self, question):
        """Store a question, and prepare to store responses."""
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []
        
    def show_question(self):
        """Show the survey question."""
        print(self.question)
        
    def store_response(self, new_response):
        """Store a single response to the survey."""
        self.responses.append(new_response)
        
    def show_results(self):
        """Show all the responses that have been given."""
        print("Survey results:")
        for response in self.responses:
            print('- ' + response)

该类首先存储了一个你指定的调查问题，并创建了一个空表用于存储答案，包含几个方法：打印调查问题的方法、答案列表中添加新答案的方法、将存储在列表中答案都打印出来的方法。

利用setUp()方法（unittest.TestCase类中）创建类的实例（对象），后面可以在每个测试方法中使用，这样每个测试方法中都可使用在方法setUp()中创建的对象了。
栗子：

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests for the class AnonymousSurvey."""
    
    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create a survey and a set of responses for use in all test methods.
        """
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
        
    
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """Test that a single response is stored properly."""
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)
        
        
    def test_store_three_responses(self):
        """Test that three individual responses are stored properly."""
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response, self.my_survey.responses)
            
if __name__== '__main__':
    unittest.main()

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.1, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: D:\code\python code\PythonCrashCourse\资源\chapter_11, inifile:
collected 2 items
test_survey.py ..

========================== 2 passed in 0.01 seconds ==========================

.表示测试通过 E表示测试引发错误 F表示测试导致断言失败