C++函数模板之模板参数的嵌套传递

以函数“指针“作为模板参数传递给函数模板，该函数“指针“即可以是普通函数，又可以是函数模板。

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template<typename T, void(*pVisit)(T&)>

void foreach(T array[], int num)

{

int i = 0;

for(i=0; i<num; i++){

pVisit(array[i]);

}

}

template<typename T>

void print(T& a)

{

cout <<__FUNCTION__<<" "<<a<<endl;

}

template<typename T, void (*pShow)(T&)>

void show_common(T& a)

{

cout <<__FUNCTION__<<" now call pShow:"<<endl;

pShow(a);

}

template<typename T, void (*pShow2)(T&)>

void show_common2(T& a)

{

cout <<__FUNCTION__<<" now call pShow2:"<<endl;

pShow2(a);

}

template<typename T>

void real_show(T& a)

{

cout <<__FUNCTION__<<" a: "<<a<<endl;

}

void show_string(string &s)

{

cout <<__FUNCTION__<<" string: "<<s<<endl;

}

int main(int argc, char**argv)

{

int alist[] = {1,2,3,4,5};

string slist[] = {"aaa", "bbb", "ccc"};

//将一个 普通函数实例 show_string 做为 foreach 的模板参数

foreach<string, show_string >(slist, sizeof(slist)/sizeof(slist[0]));

//将 函数模板 print 作为 foreach 的模板参数传递给foreach

foreach<int, print<int> >(alist, sizeof(alist)/sizeof(alist[0]));

foreach<string, print<string> >(slist, sizeof(slist)/sizeof(slist[0]));

//三层模板嵌套

foreach<int, show_common<int,real_show<int> > >(alist, sizeof(alist)/sizeof(alist[0]));

//四层模板嵌套

foreach<int, show_common<int,show_common2<int, real_show<int> > > >(alist, sizeof(alist)/sizeof(alist[0]));

return 0;

}

==============================================================================

用nm命令查看生成的函数符号，发现5次不同的foreach调用，生成了5个不同的函数实例：

000000000040111c W _Z7foreachIiXadL_Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS4_EEEvS4_EEEvPS3_i

000000000040104d W _Z7foreachIiXadL_Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS3_EEEvPS2_i

0000000000400e9c W _Z7foreachIiXadL_Z5printIiEvRT_EEEvPS1_i

0000000000400f74 W _Z7foreachISsXadL_Z11show_stringRSsEEEvPT_i

0000000000400f2b W _Z7foreachISsXadL_Z5printISsEvRT_EEEvPS1_i

几次嵌套调用，还生成了几个“中间“符号，例如，

show_common<int,real_show<int> > 生成了：

000000000040100a W _Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS2_

show_common2<int, real_show<int> > 生成了：

0000000000401096 W _Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS2_

show_common<int,show_common2<int, real_show<int> > > 生成了：

00000000004010d9 W _Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS3_EEEvS3_

====================================================================================================

[lubo@localhost function]$ nm a.out

00000000004010d9 W _Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS3_EEEvS3_

000000000040100a W _Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS2_

0000000000400bb0 T _Z11show_stringRSs

0000000000401096 W _Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS2_

0000000000400dfd t _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii

0000000000400e4f W _Z5printIiEvRT_

0000000000400ee5 W _Z5printISsEvRT_

000000000040111c W _Z7foreachIiXadL_Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS4_EEEvS4_EEEvPS3_i

000000000040104d W _Z7foreachIiXadL_Z11show_commonIiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS3_EEEvPS2_i

0000000000400e9c W _Z7foreachIiXadL_Z5printIiEvRT_EEEvPS1_i

0000000000400f74 W _Z7foreachISsXadL_Z11show_stringRSsEEEvPT_i

0000000000400f2b W _Z7foreachISsXadL_Z5printISsEvRT_EEEvPS1_i

0000000000400fbd W _Z9real_showIiEvRT_

U _ZNSaIcEC1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSaIcED1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSolsEi@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSsC1EPKcRKSaIcE@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSsD1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4

00000000006020a0 B _ZSt4cout@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_@@GLIBCXX_3.4

00000000006021b4 b _ZStL8__ioinit

U _ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES7_RKSbIS4_S5_T1_E@@GLIBCXX_3.4

U _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc@@GLIBCXX_3.4

000000000040126e r _ZZ11show_commonIiXadL_Z12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS3_EEEvS3_E12__FUNCTION__

0000000000401258 r _ZZ11show_commonIiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS2_E12__FUNCTION__

0000000000401240 r _ZZ11show_stringRSsE12__FUNCTION__

000000000040127a r _ZZ12show_common2IiXadL_Z9real_showIiEvRT_EEEvS2_E12__FUNCTION__

000000000040124c r _ZZ5printIiEvRT_E12__FUNCTION__

0000000000401252 r _ZZ5printISsEvRT_E12__FUNCTION__

0000000000401264 r _ZZ9real_showIiEvRT_E12__FUNCTION__

0000000000401288 r _ZZL18__gthread_active_pvE20__gthread_active_ptr