c++ stl library 学习（4）

Class auto_ptr ：//用于当异常发生时，产生的内存泄露，因为异常发生时，立即停止了某些函数 的执行，可能导致有些以前new的内存没有被delete。

in include <memory>

provided by the C++ standard library as a kind of a smart pointer that helps to avoid resource leaks when exceptions are thrown.//

Functions often operate in the following way，in Class auto_ptr;

1. Acquire some resources.//获取内存资源
2. Perform some operations.//使用内存资源
3. Free the acquired resources.//释放内存资源

The smart pointer can free the data to which it points
whenever the pointer itself gets destroyed. Furthermore, because the pointer is a local variable, it gets destroyed automatically when the function is exited regardless of whether the exit is normal or is due to an exception.

An auto_ptr is a pointer that serves as owner of the object to which it refers (if any). As a result,
an object gets destroyed automatically when its auto_ptr gets destroyed.//auto_ptr作为它所指对象的所有者，当auto_ptr释放的时候，对象也被释放。

A requirement of an auto_ptr is that its object has only one owner//auto_ptr要求对象只能有一个owner， 即一个对象只能有一个auto_ptr

Note that class auto_ptr<> does not allow you to initialize an object with an ordinary pointer by
using the assignment syntax. Thus, you must initialize the auto_ptr directly by using its value[5]//初始化时不能用赋值语句只能直接初始化

std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr1(new ClassA); //OK
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr2 = new ClassA; //ERROR

auto_ptr所有权的转移：前一个auto_ptr失去对对象的所有权并且被赋予NULL指针，后一个auto_ptr获得对象的所有权（如果后一个auto_ptr已有对象，则先释放其所有权，再获取）

auto_ptr（p）；p不能是指向array 的指针。

example1：

//initialize an auto_ptr with a new object
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr1(new ClassA);
//copy the auto_ptr
//- transfers ownership from ptr1 to ptr2
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr2(ptr1);:

example2：

//initialize an auto_ptr with a new object
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr1(new ClassA);
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr2; //create another auto_ptr
ptr2 = ptr1; //assign the auto_ptr
//- transfers ownership from ptr1 to ptr2

example 3：

//initialize an auto_ptr with a new object
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr1(new ClassA);
//initialize another auto_ptr with a new object
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr2(new ClassA);
ptr2 = ptr1; //assign the auto_ptr
//- delete object owned by ptr2
//- transfers ownership from ptr1 to ptr2

To assign a new value to an auto_ptr, this new value must be an auto_ptr. You can't
assign an ordinary pointer://普通的指针和auto_ptr不能相互赋值
std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr; //create an
auto_ptr
ptr = new ClassA; //ERROR
ptr = std::auto_ptr<ClassA>(new ClassA); //OK, delete old
object// and own new

Allowing an auto_ptr to pass by reference is very bad
design and you should always avoid it.//一定要避免将auto_ptr 作为引用参数传递。

const std::auto_ptr<int> p(new int);

std::auto_ptr<int> p;// p的值为NULL

const auto_ptr类似，const T *p; //p所指的对象内容可以更改但是，p不能更改。。。;而这里const auto_ptr指所有权将不会更改，而所指对象的data可以更改

因为auto_ptr的特点，使你可以不编写析构函数，但是一定要有copy construct 和operator =，。，它们都是可以转换所有权的。

如果auto_ptr一直都指向同一个东西 的话，那你可以考虑使用const auto_ptr;