管理Python虚拟环境的脚本

Python提供了很多代码库以方便开发人员使用。但是在多个项目同步开发中，不同项目所依赖的代码库的版本可能不一样。如果我们在同一个环境中维护着这些项目，将导致依赖库的版本错乱。为了解决这个问题，我们引入虚拟环境来做项目隔离。
本文介绍的脚本，提供了下列方法：

• init：初始化并创建环境。包括安装python-venv，以及创建虚拟环境（放在目录.env文件夹下）
• del：删除虚拟环境。如果当前在虚拟环境中，则需要再传递force命令，以退出虚拟环境后再删除虚拟环境（.env文件夹）。
• enter：进入虚拟环境。
• quit：退出虚拟环境。
• import：从当前目录下的requirements.txt中，导入依赖的代码库。
• export：将当前虚拟环境的代码库导出到requirements.txt。如果requirements.txt文件存在，则需要额外传递force参数以强制覆盖。
• install：通过pip3安装代码库。
• uninstall：通过pip3删除代码库。
• help：提供帮助信息。

init

source env.sh init

未安装Python-venv

python version number: Python3.10
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree… Done
Reading state information… Done
Note, selecting ‘python3.10-venv’ for glob ‘Python3.10-venv’
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python3.10-venv
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/5,716 B of archives.
After this operation, 28.7 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package python3.10-venv.
(Reading database … 81266 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/python3.10-venv_3.10.12-1~22.04.3_amd64.deb …
Unpacking python3.10-venv (3.10.12-1~22.04.3) …
Setting up python3.10-venv (3.10.12-1~22.04.3) …
Scanning processes…
Scanning candidates…
Scanning linux images…
Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.
Restarting services…
Service restarts being deferred:
/etc/needrestart/restart.d/dbus.service
systemctl restart networkd-dispatcher.service
systemctl restart systemd-logind.service
systemctl restart unattended-upgrades.service
systemctl restart user@1000.service
No containers need to be restarted.
No user sessions are running outdated binaries.
No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
Create virtual environment

已安装Python-venv

python version number: Python3.10
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree… Done
Reading state information… Done
Note, selecting ‘python3.10-venv’ for glob ‘Python3.10-venv’
python3.10-venv is already the newest version (3.10.12-1~22.04.3).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
The virtual environment already exists. If you need to create a new virtual environment, please execute the source env.sh del command to delete the virtual environment.

del

source env.sh del

未进入虚拟环境

Delete virtual environment

已进入虚拟环境

非强制

Currently in the virtual environment. Failed to delete the virtual environment. if you need to delete the virtual environment, please exit the virtual environment and then execute the source env.sh del command to delete the virtual environment. Or execute the source env.sh del force command to force delete the virtual environment.

强制

source env.sh del force

Quit the virtual environment
Delete virtual environment

enter

source env.sh enter

未进入虚拟环境

Enter the virtual environment

已进入虚拟环境

Currently in the virtual environment.

quit

source env.sh quit

未进入虚拟环境

Currently not in the virtual environment.

已进入虚拟环境

Quit the virtual environment

import

source env.sh import

未进入虚拟环境

Currently not in the virtual environment.

已进入虚拟环境

不存在requirements.txt文件

The requirements.txt file does not exist. If you need to import the requirements.txt file, please execute the source env.sh export command to export the requirements.txt file from other virtual environment.

已存在requirements.txt文件

以requirements.txt中内容是numpy==1.26.3为例

Collecting numpy==1.26.3
Using cached numpy-1.26.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (18.2 MB)
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.26.3
Import virtual environment

export

未进入虚拟环境

Currently not in the virtual environment.

已进入虚拟环境

不存在requirements.txt文件

Export virtual environment

已存在requirements.txt文件

非强制覆盖

The requirements.txt file already exists. If you need to update the requirements.txt file, remove requirements.txt and then execute the source env.sh export command to update the requirements.txt file.

强制覆盖

source env.sh export force

Export virtual environment

install

source env.sh install numpy scipy

未进入虚拟环境

source env.sh install numpy scipy

已进入虚拟环境

Collecting numpy
Using cached numpy-1.26.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (18.2 MB)
Collecting scipy
Using cached scipy-1.11.4-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (36.4 MB)
Installing collected packages: numpy, scipy
Successfully installed numpy-1.26.3 scipy-1.11.4
Install libraries numpy scipy

uninstall

source env.sh install numpy scipy

未进入虚拟环境

Currently not in the virtual environment.

已进入虚拟环境

Found existing installation: numpy 1.26.3
Uninstalling numpy-1.26.3:
Would remove:
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/bin/f2py
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy-1.26.3.dist-info/*
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy.libs/libgfortran-040039e1.so.5.0.0
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy.libs/libopenblas64_p-r0-0cf96a72.3.23.dev.so
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy.libs/libquadmath-96973f99.so.0.0.0
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/*
Proceed (Y/n)? Y
Successfully uninstalled numpy-1.26.3
Found existing installation: scipy 1.11.4
Uninstalling scipy-1.11.4:
Would remove:
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy-1.11.4.dist-info/*
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy.libs/libgfortran-040039e1.so.5.0.0
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy.libs/libopenblasp-r0-23e5df77.3.21.dev.so
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy.libs/libquadmath-96973f99.so.0.0.0
/home/fangliang/numpy-example/.env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy/*
Proceed (Y/n)? Y
Successfully uninstalled scipy-1.11.4
Uninstall libraries numpy scipy

help

source env.sh help

init: create virtual environment
enter: enter virtual environment
quit: quit virtual environment
del (force): delete virtual environment. If the force parameter is added, the virtual environment will be deleted forcibly
export (force): export virtual environment. If the force parameter is added, the requirements.txt file will be overwritten
import: import virtual environment
install: install libraries
uninstall : uninstall libraries
help: view help

代码库

https://github.com/f304646673/tools/tree/main/python-env-sh