Dual Attention Network for Scene Segmentation

论文链接：https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.02983.pdf CVPR2019的一篇文章

代码链接：https://github.com/junfu1115/DANet/

主要思想：按照文中的说法就是we append two types of attention modules on top of dilated FCN, which model the semantic interdependencies in spatial and channel dimensions respectively，感觉就是把non local改成在channel和position角度来用到分割中。

看下面的结构图会非常清晰，resnet之后的feature经过两个分支，分别做position attention和channel attention，最后在进行sum fusion，其实就是相加。不过相加之前其实两个attention输出的feature C*H*W分别会乘以一个系数，这个系数初始化为0，最后通过网络学习所得。

 

 两个attention的详细结构图

 对于position attention，首先求得位置相关矩阵S

接着得到输出

 这里的alpha是一个可以学习的参数，初始值为0

对于channel attention，也是先得到channel相关矩阵

得到输出

这里的beta跟上面的alpha一样都是初始化为0，最后进行学习。

最后将两个attention的输出直接wise-sum就是相加，然后经过conv得到整个模块的输出

代码：https://github.com/junfu1115/DANet/blob/c7a2f608f5f11e2f2d3c0760dd98dfe12e32a408/encoding/nn/attention.py

 两个attention的代码

###########################################################################
# Created by: CASIA IVA
# Email: jliu@nlpr.ia.ac.cn
# Copyright (c) 2018
###########################################################################

import numpy as np
import torch
import math
from torch.nn import Module, Sequential, Conv2d, ReLU,AdaptiveMaxPool2d, AdaptiveAvgPool2d, \
    NLLLoss, BCELoss, CrossEntropyLoss, AvgPool2d, MaxPool2d, Parameter, Linear, Sigmoid, Softmax, Dropout, Embedding
from torch.nn import functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
torch_ver = torch.__version__[:3]

__all__ = ['PAM_Module', 'CAM_Module']


class PAM_Module(Module):
    """ Position attention module"""
    #Ref from SAGAN
    def __init__(self, in_dim):
        super(PAM_Module, self).__init__()
        self.chanel_in = in_dim

        self.query_conv = Conv2d(in_channels=in_dim, out_channels=in_dim//8, kernel_size=1)
        self.key_conv = Conv2d(in_channels=in_dim, out_channels=in_dim//8, kernel_size=1)
        self.value_conv = Conv2d(in_channels=in_dim, out_channels=in_dim, kernel_size=1)
        self.gamma = Parameter(torch.zeros(1))

        self.softmax = Softmax(dim=-1)
    def forward(self, x):
        """
            inputs :
                x : input feature maps( B X C X H X W)
            returns :
                out : attention value + input feature
                attention: B X (HxW) X (HxW)
        """
        m_batchsize, C, height, width = x.size()
        proj_query = self.query_conv(x).view(m_batchsize, -1, width*height).permute(0, 2, 1) #[bs, w*h, c]
        proj_key = self.key_conv(x).view(m_batchsize, -1, width*height) #[bs, c, w*h]
        energy = torch.bmm(proj_query, proj_key) #[bs, w*h, w*h]
        attention = self.softmax(energy)
        proj_value = self.value_conv(x).view(m_batchsize, -1, width*height) #[bs, c, w*h]

        out = torch.bmm(proj_value, attention.permute(0, 2, 1)) #[bs, c, w*h]
        out = out.view(m_batchsize, C, height, width)

        out = self.gamma*out + x
        return out


class CAM_Module(Module):
    """ Channel attention module"""
    def __init__(self, in_dim):
        super(CAM_Module, self).__init__()
        self.chanel_in = in_dim


        self.gamma = Parameter(torch.zeros(1))
        self.softmax  = Softmax(dim=-1)
    def forward(self,x):
        """
            inputs :
                x : input feature maps( B X C X H X W)
            returns :
                out : attention value + input feature
                attention: B X C X C
        """
        m_batchsize, C, height, width = x.size()
        proj_query = x.view(m_batchsize, C, -1)
        proj_key = x.view(m_batchsize, C, -1).permute(0, 2, 1)
        energy = torch.bmm(proj_query, proj_key)
        energy_new = torch.max(energy, -1, keepdim=True)[0].expand_as(energy)-energy
        attention = self.softmax(energy_new)
        proj_value = x.view(m_batchsize, C, -1)

        out = torch.bmm(attention, proj_value)
        out = out.view(m_batchsize, C, height, width)

        out = self.gamma*out + x
        return out

 整个DAnet

https://github.com/junfu1115/DANet/blob/c7a2f608f5f11e2f2d3c0760dd98dfe12e32a408/encoding/models/danet.py#L58

class DANetHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, norm_layer):
        super(DANetHead, self).__init__()
        inter_channels = in_channels // 4
        self.conv5a = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, inter_channels, 3, padding=1, bias=False),
                                   norm_layer(inter_channels),
                                   nn.ReLU())
        
        self.conv5c = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, inter_channels, 3, padding=1, bias=False),
                                   norm_layer(inter_channels),
                                   nn.ReLU())

        self.sa = PAM_Module(inter_channels)
        self.sc = CAM_Module(inter_channels)
        self.conv51 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(inter_channels, inter_channels, 3, padding=1, bias=False),
                                   norm_layer(inter_channels),
                                   nn.ReLU())
        self.conv52 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(inter_channels, inter_channels, 3, padding=1, bias=False),
                                   norm_layer(inter_channels),
                                   nn.ReLU())

        self.conv6 = nn.Sequential(nn.Dropout2d(0.1, False), nn.Conv2d(inter_channels, out_channels, 1))
        self.conv7 = nn.Sequential(nn.Dropout2d(0.1, False), nn.Conv2d(inter_channels, out_channels, 1))

        self.conv8 = nn.Sequential(nn.Dropout2d(0.1, False), nn.Conv2d(inter_channels, out_channels, 1))

    def forward(self, x):
        feat1 = self.conv5a(x)
        sa_feat = self.sa(feat1)
        sa_conv = self.conv51(sa_feat)
        sa_output = self.conv6(sa_conv)

        feat2 = self.conv5c(x)
        sc_feat = self.sc(feat2)
        sc_conv = self.conv52(sc_feat)
        sc_output = self.conv7(sc_conv)

        feat_sum = sa_conv+sc_conv
        
        sasc_output = self.conv8(feat_sum)

        output = [sasc_output]
        output.append(sa_output)
        output.append(sc_output)
        return tuple(output)