RestTemplate方式发送http请求

先前写了一个OKHttp3方式的http请求工具类，对比学习RestTemplate方式。相关的概念、原理各位可自行学习，这里分享一下RestTemplate方式的工具类。

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * http请求工具类
 *
 */
public class HttpUtil {
    /**
     * get请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params 请求参数
     * @return
     */
    public static String get(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params) {
        return get(url, params, null);
    }

    /**
     * get请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params  请求参数
     * @param headers 请求头
     * @return
     */
    public static String get(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params, MultiValueMap<String, String> headers) {
        return request(url, params, headers, HttpMethod.GET);
    }

    /**
     * post请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params 请求参数
     * @return
     */
    public static String post(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params) {
        return post(url, params, null);
    }

    /**
     * post请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params  请求参数
     * @param headers 请求头
     * @return
     */
    public static String post(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params, MultiValueMap<String, String> headers) {
        return request(url, params, headers, HttpMethod.POST);
    }

    /**
     * put请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params 请求参数
     * @return
     */
    public static String put(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params) {
        return put(url, params, null);
    }

    /**
     * put请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params  请求参数
     * @param headers 请求头
     * @return
     */
    public static String put(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params, MultiValueMap<String, String> headers) {
        return request(url, params, headers, HttpMethod.PUT);
    }

    /**
     * delete请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params 请求参数
     * @return
     */
    public static String delete(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params) {
        return delete(url, params, null);
    }

    /**
     * delete请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params  请求参数
     * @param headers 请求头
     * @return
     */
    public static String delete(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params, MultiValueMap<String, String> headers) {
        return request(url, params, headers, HttpMethod.DELETE);
    }

    /**
     * 表单请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params  请求参数
     * @param headers 请求头
     * @param method  请求方式
     * @return
     */
    public static String request(String url, MultiValueMap<String, String> params, MultiValueMap<String, String> headers, HttpMethod method) {
        if (params == null) {
            params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        }
        return request(url, params, headers, method, MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
    }

    /**
     * http请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params    请求参数
     * @param headers   请求头
     * @param method    请求方式
     * @param mediaType 参数类型
     * @return
     */
    public static String request(String url, Object params, MultiValueMap<String, String> headers, HttpMethod method, MediaType mediaType) {
        if (url == null || url.trim().isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        RestTemplate client = new RestTemplate();
        // header
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        if (headers != null) {
            httpHeaders.addAll(headers);
        }
        // 提交方式：表单、json
        httpHeaders.setContentType(mediaType);
        HttpEntity<Object> httpEntity = new HttpEntity(params, httpHeaders);
        ResponseEntity<String> response = client.exchange(url, method, httpEntity, String.class);
        return response.getBody();
    }

    public static String doPostJson(String url, Map<String, String> headerMap, String json) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";
        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            if (headerMap != null) {
                Iterator headerIterator = headerMap.entrySet().iterator();          //循环增加header
                while(headerIterator.hasNext()){
                    Map.Entry<String,String> elem = (Map.Entry<String, String>) headerIterator.next();
                    httpPost.addHeader(elem.getKey(),elem.getValue());
                }
            }
            // 创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

}