设计模式（七）装饰者模式

一.定义与类型

1.定义：在不改变原有对象的基础之上，将功能附加到对象上

提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案(扩展原有对象功能)

2.类型：结构型

二.适用场景

1.扩展一个类的功能或给一个类添加附加职责

2.动态的给一个对象添加功能，这些功能可以再动态的撤销

三.优点

1.继承的有力补充，比继承灵活，不改变原有对象的情况下给一个对象扩展功能

2.通过使用不同装饰类以及这些装饰类的排列组合，可以实现不同效果

3.符合开闭原则

四.缺点

1.会出现更多的代码，更多的类，增加程序复杂性

2.动态装饰时，多层装饰时会更复杂

五.UML

六.代码

ABattercake.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.decorator;

public abstract class ABattercake {
    protected abstract String getDesc();
    protected abstract int cost();
}

Battercake.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.decorator;

public class Battercake extends ABattercake {
    protected String getDesc() {
        return "煎饼";
    }

    protected int cost() {
        return 8;
    }
}

AbstractDecorator.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.decorator;

public class AbstractDecorator extends ABattercake {
    private ABattercake aBattercake;

    public AbstractDecorator(ABattercake aBattercake) {
        this.aBattercake = aBattercake;
    }

    protected String getDesc() {
        return this.aBattercake.getDesc();
    }

    protected int cost() {
        return this.aBattercake.cost();
    }
}

EggDecorator.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.decorator;

public class EggDecorator extends AbstractDecorator {
    public EggDecorator(ABattercake aBattercake) {
        super(aBattercake);
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + " 加一个鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return super.cost() + 1;
    }
}

SausageDecorator.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.decorator;

public class SausageDecorator extends AbstractDecorator {
    public SausageDecorator(ABattercake aBattercake) {
        super(aBattercake);
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + " 加一根香肠";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return super.cost() + 2;
    }
}

Test.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.decorator;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ABattercake aBattercake;
        aBattercake = new Battercake();
        aBattercake = new EggDecorator(aBattercake);
        aBattercake = new EggDecorator(aBattercake);
        aBattercake = new SausageDecorator(aBattercake);
        System.out.println(aBattercake.getDesc() + " 销售价格:" + aBattercake.cost());
    }
}