【C++】学习笔记三十——函数参数和按值传递

函数参数和按值传递

　　C++通常按值传递参数，即将数值参数传递给函数，函数将其赋给一个新的变量。传递给函数的值被称为实参，勇于接受传递值的变量（新建的）被称为形参。

多个参数

　　函数可以有多个参数，在调用函数时，只需用逗号将这些参数分开即可。
　　同样，在定义函数时，也在函数头中使用有逗号分隔的参数声明列表。

程序7.3

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void n_chars(char, int);
int main()
{
    int times;
    char ch;

    cout << "Enter a character: ";
    cin >> ch;
    while (ch != 'q')
    {
        cout << "Enter an interger: ";
        cin >> times;
        n_chars(ch, times);
        cout << "\nEnter another character or press the q-key to quit: ";
        cin >> ch;
    }
    cout << "The value of times is " << times << ".\n";
    cout << "Bye\n";
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

void n_chars(char c, int n)
{
    while (n-- > 0)
        cout << c;
}

程序7.4

#include<iostream>
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks);
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    double total, choices;
    cout << "Enter the total number of choices on the game card and\n"
        "the numberof picks allowed:\n";
    while ((cin >> total >> choices) && choices <= total)
    {
        cout << "You have one chance in ";
        cout << probability(total, choices);
        cout << " of winning.\n";
        cout << "Next two numbers (q to quit): ";
    }
    cout << "Bye\n";
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks)
{
    long double result = 1.0;
    long double n;
    unsigned p;

    for (n = numbers, p = picks; p > 0; n--, p--)
        result = result * n / p;
    return result;
}