2.1【迭代器与生成器】实现可迭代对象和迭代器对象

a = [1,2,3,4]
b = 'abcde'
for x in a:print x
for x in b:print x
#a,b为可迭代对象
iter(a)# 迭代器对象
a.__
a.__iter__ # 可迭代接口
iter(a) 实际调用了 a.__iter__()
b.__
b.__getitem__# sequence序列的接口

t = iter(a) # 迭代器对象
t.next()# 可迭代接口
1
t.next()
2
t.next()
3
t.next()
4
t.next()
抛出异常

for x in a: print x#调用.nxet(),直到捕获StopIteration异常，跳出循环

可迭代对象、迭代器对象
from collections import Iterable,Iterator
抽象接口
Iterable.__abstractmethods__
frozenset({'__iter__'})
Iterator.__abstractmethods__
frozenset({'next'})

#
import requests
def getWeather(city):
  r = requests.get(u'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='+city)
  data = r.json()['data']['forecast'][0]
  return '%s:%s,%s'%(city,data['low'],data['high'])
print getWeather(u'北京')

#
惰性获取，并能封装到一个对象中，可用for迭代
实现一个迭代器对象WeatherItorator, next方法每次返回一个数据
实现一个可迭代对象WeatherItorable， __iter__方法返回一个迭代器对象
#Iterator的计算是惰性的，只有在需要返回下一个数据时它才会计算

from collections import Iterable,Iterator

class WeatherIterator(Iterator):
  # 定义构造器
  def __init__(self,cities):
    self.cities = cities
    self.index = 0
   
  def getWeather(self,city):
    r = requests.get(u'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='+city)
    data = r.json()['data']['forecast'][0]
    return '%s:%s,%s'%(city,data['low'],data['high']) 
    
  def next(self):
    if self.index == len(self.cities):
      raise StopIteration
    city = self.cities[self.index]
    self.index +=1
    return self.getWeather(city)

class WeatherIterable(Iterable):
  def __init__(self,cities):
    self,cities = cities
  def __iter__(self):
    return WeatherIterator(self.cities)

for x in WeatherIterable([u'北京',u'上海',u'广州',u'深圳']):
  print x
#北京：低温 20℃，高温 31℃
#上海：低温 20℃，高温 26℃
..