练习一 各部门工资最高的员工
创建Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
使用代码如下:
CREATE TABLE Employee
(Id CHAR(1) not NUll,
NAME VARCHAR(8) not null,
Salary char(5) not null,
DeparmenrId INTEGER not NULL
);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES('1', 'Joe','70000',1),
('2','Henry','80000',2),
('3','Sam','60000',2),
('4','Max','90000',1);
得到:
创建Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
使用代码如下:
CREATE TABLE Department
(Id CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO department VALUES('1','IT'),
('2','Sales');
得到如图:
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
代码如下:
SELECT Department.Name as Department,
Employee.Name as Employee,
MAX(Employee.Salary) as Salary
FROM Employee
LEFT JOIN Department
ON Employee.DeparmenrId = Department.Id
GROUP BY Employee.DeparmenrId;
另一种代码:
select d.Name as Department,
e.Name as Employee,
e.Salary
from Employee e
join Department d
on e.DeparmenrId = d.Id
where (e.DeparmenrId ,e.Salary)
in
(select DeparmenrId ,max(Salary) as Salary
from Employee
group by DeparmenrId);
得到:
练习二: 换座位
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的id是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
请创建如下所示seat表:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
使用代码:
CREATE TABLE seat
(id char(1) NOT NULL,
student VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL
);
INSERT into seat VALUES('1','Abbot'),
('2','Doris'),
('3','Emersom'),
('4','Green'),
('5','Jeames');
得到:
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
注意: 如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。
代码如下:
select
(case
when mod(id,2)!=0 and id!=counts then id+1
when mod(id,2)!=0 and id=counts then id
else id-1 end)
as id,student
from seat,
(select count(*)as counts from seat)as seat_counts
order by id;
得到:
练习三: 分数排名
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下score表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
使用代码
CREATE TABLE scroe
(Id CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
Score FLOAT(3,2) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO scroe VALUES('1',3.50),
('2',3.65),
('3',4.00),
('4',3.85),
('5',4.00),
('6',3.65);
得到:
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
使用代码如下:
select
Score,
dense_rank() over(order by Score desc) as 'Rank'
from Scroe
得到:
练习四:连续出现的数字
编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。
+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
+----+-----+
使用代码
Create table Logs
(Id int, Num int);
insert into Logs values ('1', '1'),
('2', '1'),
('3', '1'),
('4', '2'),
('5', '1'),
('6', '2'),
('7', '2');
得到
例如,给定上面的 Logs 表, 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。
+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------+
使用代码:
select distinct Num as ConsecutiveNums
from (
select Num,
case
when @prev = Num then @count := @count + 1
when (@prev := Num) is not null then @count := 1
end
as CNT
from Logs, (select @prev := null,@count := null)as t
)
as temp
where
temp.CNT >= 3
得到
练习五:树节点
对于tree表,id是树节点的标识,p_id是其父节点的id。
+----+------+
| id | p_id |
+----+------+
| 1 | null |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 2 |
+----+------+
使用代码
CREATE TABLE tree
(id char(1) not null,
p_id CHAR(1)
);
INSERT INTO tree VALUES('1',NULL),
('2','1'),
('3','1'),
('4','2'),
('5','2');
得到:
每个节点都是以下三种类型中的一种:
Root: 如果节点是根节点。
Leaf: 如果节点是叶子节点。
Inner: 如果节点既不是根节点也不是叶子节点。
写一条查询语句打印节点id及对应的节点类型。按照节点id排序。上面例子的对应结果为:
+----+------+
| id | Type |
+----+------+
| 1 | Root |
| 2 | Inner|
| 3 | Leaf |
| 4 | Leaf |
| 5 | Leaf |
+----+------+
代码如下:
SELECT
DISTINCT t1.id AS "id",
CASE WHEN t1.p_id IS NULL THEN "Root"
WHEN t2.id IS NULL THEN "Leaf"
ELSE "Inner"
END
AS "Type"
FROM
tree t1
LEFT JOIN tree t2 ON t1.id=t2.p_id
ORDER BY id;
得到:
说明
节点’1’是根节点,因为它的父节点为NULL,有’2’和’3’两个子节点。
节点’2’是内部节点,因为它的父节点是’1’,有子节点’4’和’5’。
节点’3’,‘4’,'5’是叶子节点,因为它们有父节点但没有子节点。
下面是树的图形:
1
/ \
2 3
/ \
4 5
注意
如果一个树只有一个节点,只需要输出根节点属性。
练习六:至少有五名直接下属的经理
Employee表包含所有员工及其上级的信息。每位员工都有一个Id,并且还有一个对应主管的Id(ManagerId)。
+------+----------+-----------+----------+
|Id |Name |Department |ManagerId |
+------+----------+-----------+----------+
|101 |John |A |null |
|102 |Dan |A |101 |
|103 |James |A |101 |
|104 |Amy |A |101 |
|105 |Anne |A |101 |
|106 |Ron |B |101 |
+------+----------+-----------+----------+
针对Employee表,写一条SQL语句找出有5个下属的主管。对于上面的表,结果应输出:
+-------+
| Name |
+-------+
| John |
+-------+
注意:
没有人向自己汇报。
SELECT
name
FROM employee
JOIN
(SELECT managerID,
COUNT(DISTINCT id) as cnt
FROM employee
GROUP BY managerID
HAVING cnt > 4) temp
ON id = temp.managerID;
练习七: 分数排名
练习三的分数表,实现排名功能,但是排名需要是非连续的,如下:
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.50 | 6 |
+-------+------
select Score,rank() over(order by Score desc) as Rank
from Scores
练习八:查询回答率最高的问题
求出survey_log表中回答率最高的问题,表格的字段有:uid, action, question_id, answer_id, q_num, timestamp。
uid是用户id;action的值为:“show”, “answer”, “skip”;当action是"answer"时,answer_id不为空,相反,当action是"show"和"skip"时为空(null);q_num是问题的数字序号。
写一条sql语句找出回答率最高的问题。
举例:
uid action question_id answer_id q_num timestamp
5 show 285 null 1 123
5 answer 285 124124 1 124
5 show 369 null 2 125
5 skip 369 null 2 126
survey_log
285
说明
问题285的回答率为1/1,然而问题369的回答率是0/1,所以输出是285。
**注意:**最高回答率的意思是:同一个问题出现的次数中回答的比例。
SELECT question_id as survey_log
FROM
(
SELECT question_id,
SUM(case when action = “answer” THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as num_answers,
SUM(case when action = “show” THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as num_shows
FROM survey_log
GROUP BY question_id
) as tbl
ORDER BY (num_answers / num_shows) DESC
LIMIT 1;
练习九:各部门前3高工资的员工
将项目7中的employee表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
此外,请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。
select Department.Name,t.Name,t.Salary from
(select Id,Name,DepartmentId,salary,row_number() over (partition by DepartmentId order by Salary DESC) as ‘rank’
from employee) t
left join Department
on t.DepartmentID = Department.id
where t.rank<=3
练习十:平面上最近距离
point_2d表包含一个平面内一些点(超过两个)的坐标值(x,y)。
写一条查询语句求出这些点中的最短距离并保留2位小数。
|x | y |
|----|----|
| -1 | -1 |
| 0 | 0 |
| -1 | -2 |
最短距离是1,从点(-1,-1)到点(-1,-2)。所以输出结果为:
| shortest |
1.00
+--------+
|shortest|
+--------+
|1.00 |
+--------+
**注意:**所有点的最大距离小于10000。
select min(round(sqrt(pow(d1.x-d2.x,2)+pow(d1.y-d2.y,2)),2)) as shortest
from point_2d d1,point_2d d2
where concat(d1.x,d1.y)!= concat(d2.x,d2.y)
练习十一:行程和用户
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
Id Client_Id Driver_Id City_Id Status Request_at
1 1 10 1 completed 2013-10-1
2 2 11 1 cancelled_by_driver 2013-10-1
3 3 12 6 completed 2013-10-1
4 4 13 6 cancelled_by_client 2013-10-1
5 1 10 1 completed 2013-10-2
6 2 11 6 completed 2013-10-2
7 3 12 6 completed 2013-10-2
8 2 12 12 completed 2013-10-3
9 3 10 12 completed 2013-10-3
10 4 13 12 cancelled_by_driver 2013-10-3
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。
+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出2013年10月1日至2013年10月3日期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
+------------+-------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
+------------+-------------------+
代码如下:
SELECT T.request_at AS Day,
ROUND(
SUM(IF(T.STATUS = ‘completed’,0,1))
/
COUNT(T.STATUS),2) AS Cancellation Rate
FROM Trips AS T
JOIN Users AS U1 ON (T.client_id = U1.users_id AND U1.banned =‘No’)
JOIN Users AS U2 ON (T.driver_id = U2.users_id AND U2.banned =‘No’)
WHERE T.request_at BETWEEN ‘2013-10-01’ AND ‘2013-10-03’
GROUP BY T.request_at