1、Python语言基础
- 显示变量的类型
my_name = "bernardo"
print(my_name)
number = 1024
nickname = "碧海苍梧"
print(type(nickname), type(number)) // 显示变量的类型
# <class 'str'> <class 'int'>
- 变量类型转换
money_all = 57.6 + 46.2 + 27.9
print("商品总金额为:", str(money_all))
print(int(money_all))
# 商品总金额为: 131.70000000000002
# 131
- 基本输入输出,python3中无论输入的事数字还是字符,否被作为字符串读取。
variable = input("请输入一行文字")
print(variable)
age = int(input("请输入你的年龄:"))
print(age)
'''
请输入一行文字 how are you
how are you
请输入你的年龄:26
26
'''
2、运算符与表达式
- input只能接收字符型,可以用int来转换。
time = int(input("请输入你的时间:"))
if(time > 0 and time < 12):
print(time, "点是上午")
else:
print(time, "点是下午")
'''
请输入你的时间:9
9 点是上午
'''
- 逻辑运算符
print(2 & 3) # 按位与 2
print(2 | 5) # 按位或 7
print(3 ^ 8) # 按位异或 11 相同为0 不同为1
print(~8) # 按位取反 -9
- 左移运算符
<<
和右移运算符>>
:左移 n n n位相当于将二进制操作数乘以 2 n 2^n 2n,右移相当于除以 2 n 2^n 2n。
print("10 << 2 = ", 10 << 2) # 相当于00001010(10) -> 00101000(40)
print("20 >> 1 = ", 20 >> 1) # 10
- 条件表达式
year = int(input("请属于一个年份:"))
if((year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0)):
print(year, "是闰年")
else:
print(year, "是平年")
3、流程控制语句
- 选择语句(python没有switch语句)
age = int(input("请输入你的年龄:"))
if age < 19:
print("读高中之前")
elif 20 <= age < 23:
print("读大学")
elif 24 <= age < 60:
print("工作")
else:
print("颐养天年")
- 循环语句(python没有
do while
循环)
n = 0
while n <= 10:
if n % 2:
print(n, "是偶数")
else:
print(n, "是奇数")
n += 1
print("计算1 + ... + 100的结果:")
result = 0
for n in range(1, 101, 1):# 第一个参数是n的起始位置,第二个是结束为止(开区间),第三是指定步长
result += n
print("结果是:", result)
打印乘法表
for i in range(1, 10):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print(str(j) + " X " + str(i) + " = " + str(i * j) + "\t", end='')
print('')
'''
1 X 1 = 1
1 X 2 = 2 2 X 2 = 4
1 X 3 = 3 2 X 3 = 6 3 X 3 = 9
1 X 4 = 4 2 X 4 = 8 3 X 4 = 12 4 X 4 = 16
1 X 5 = 5 2 X 5 = 10 3 X 5 = 15 4 X 5 = 20 5 X 5 = 25
1 X 6 = 6 2 X 6 = 12 3 X 6 = 18 4 X 6 = 24 5 X 6 = 30 6 X 6 = 36
1 X 7 = 7 2 X 7 = 14 3 X 7 = 21 4 X 7 = 28 5 X 7 = 35 6 X 7 = 42 7 X 7 = 49
1 X 8 = 8 2 X 8 = 16 3 X 8 = 24 4 X 8 = 32 5 X 8 = 40 6 X 8 = 48 7