Pandas——ix vs loc vs iloc区别

bymaymay: pandas默认的方括号索引是按照列索引，例如df[‘x’]是索引为‘x’的列，类型为Series，df[[‘x’]]类型是DataFrame; 行只能用数字切片的方式获取，df[0:3]是第0行到第2行，类型是Series; df[[0:3]]是DataFrame。

• loc——通过行标签索引行数据

1.1 loc[1]表示索引的是第1行（index 是整数）

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = [0,1]  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.loc[1]  

a    4 
b    5 
c    6 

1.2 loc[‘d’]表示索引的是第’d’行（index 是字符）

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.loc['d']  

a    1 
b    2 
c    3 

1.3 如果想索引列数据，像这样做会报错

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.loc['a']  

KeyError: 'the label [a] is not in the [index]' 

1.4 loc可以获取多行数据

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.loc['d':]  

   a  b  c 
d  1  2  3 
e  4  5  6 

1.5 loc扩展——索引某行某列

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.loc['d',['b','c']]  

b    2 
c    3 

注意这里index赋值为字符列表，如果index为默认的数值列表，loc同样可实现索引某行某列

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, columns=columns)  
print(df.loc[0,['b','c']]) 

输出的是series类型

b    2 
c    3 

loc可实现索引某行某列，某个特定位置的值

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, columns=columns)  
print(df.loc[0,'b']) 

输出的是给定位置上（第一行第二列）的值

2

1.6 loc扩展——索引某列

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.loc[:,['c']]  

   c 
d  3 
e  6 

当然获取某列数据最直接的方式是df.[列标签]，但是当列标签未知时可以通过这种方式获取列数据。

需要注意的是，dataframe的索引[1:3]是包含1,2,3的，与平时的不同。

• iloc——通过行号获取行数据

2.1 想要获取哪一行就输入该行数字

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.iloc[1]  

a    4 
b    5 
c    6 

2.2 通过行标签索引会报错

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.iloc['a']  

TypeError: cannot do label indexing on <class 'pandas.core.index.Index'> with these indexers [a] of <type 'str'> 

2.3 同样通过行号可以索引多行

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.iloc[0:]  

   a  b  c 
d  1  2  3 
e  4  5  6 

2.4 iloc索引列数据

import pandas as pd  
data = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]  
index = ['d','e']  
columns=['a','b','c']  
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)  
print df.iloc[:,[1]]  

   b 
d  2 
e  5 

• ix 已废弃不用，建议使用loc和iloc

• 实例
  下图为dataFrame格式的数据，名为dfPapers
  

cite = dfPapers.loc[1,['citation']]
print(type(cite)) 
print(list(cite))

<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
['1775098\n,1648782\n,2206608\n,2857290\n,2674433\n,85903\n,3075632\n,1229189\n,']

cite = dfPapers.loc[1,'citation']
print(type(cite)) #<class 'str'>
print(cite)

<class 'str'>
1775098
,1648782
,2206608
,2857290
,2674433
,85903
,3075632
,1229189
,

http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#different-choices-for-indexing