这篇文章摘抄总结自:
1.张令
2.祥叔学编程
3.MSDN
先看一个例子:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
contact ct1 = new class1();
contact ct2 = new class2();
ct1.prinf();
ct2.prinf();
}
}
abstract public class contact
{
public virtual void prinf() //关键字virtual
{
Console.WriteLine("这是虚方法");
}
}
public class class1 : contact
{
public override void prinf() //关键字override
{
Console.WriteLine("这是新的方法");
}
}
public class class2 : contact
{
public new void prinf() //关键字new
{
Console.WriteLine("这是另一个新的方法");
}
}
简单的看到了override和new(不写new,或者override 默认为隐性的调用new)的区别
在这里就是override和virtual可以执行多态,而new关键字显示的指明不能实行多态(感觉就是比C++多了一个关键
字)
再看第二组例子:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
C1 c1 = new C1();
Console.WriteLine(c1.GetName());//输出“祥叔”
C2 c2 = new C2();
Console.WriteLine(c2.GetName());//输出“xiangshu”
//重点看这里
C1 c3 = new C2();
Console.WriteLine(c3.GetName());//输出“xiangshu”
}
}
public class C1
{
public virtual string GetName()
{
return "叔祥";
}
}
public class C2 : C1
{
public override string GetName()
{
return "xiangshu";
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
C1 c1 = new C1();
Console.WriteLine(c1.GetName());//输出“祥叔”
C2 c2 = new C2();
Console.WriteLine(c2.GetName());//输出“xiangshu”
//重点看这里,和上面的重写作比较
C1 c3 = new C2();
Console.WriteLine(c3.GetName());//输出“祥叔”
}
}
public class C1
{
public string GetName()
{
return "祥叔";
}
}
public class C2 : C1
{
public new string GetName()
{
return "xiangshu";
}
}
与上面的例子说明类似的问题,不过还说明了:
1.不管是重写还是覆盖都不会影响父类自身的功能,即是,父类指针指向父类实例不会受到影响
2.父类指针指向派生类实例才会受到影响,是否执行多态。。
3.同时派生类指针指向派生类实例也不会受到影响
给出一个比较综合的msdn上的例子:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
BaseClass bc = new BaseClass();
DerivedClass dc = new DerivedClass();
BaseClass bcdc = new DerivedClass();
// The following two calls do what you would expect. They call
// the methods that are defined in BaseClass.
bc.Method1();
bc.Method2();
// Output:
// Base - Method1
// Base - Method2
// The following two calls do what you would expect. They call
// the methods that are defined in DerivedClass.
dc.Method1();
dc.Method2();
// Output:
// Derived - Method1
// Derived - Method2
// The following two calls produce different results, depending
// on whether override (Method1) or new (Method2) is used.
bcdc.Method1();
bcdc.Method2();
// Output:
// Derived - Method1
// Base - Method2
}
}
class BaseClass
{
public virtual void Method1()
{
Console.WriteLine("Base - Method1");
}
public virtual void Method2()
{
Console.WriteLine("Base - Method2");
}
}
class DerivedClass : BaseClass
{
public override void Method1()
{
Console.WriteLine("Derived - Method1");
}
public new void Method2()
{
Console.WriteLine("Derived - Method2");
}
}
但是刚才的总结并不全面,再来看下面的例子:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Declare objects of the derived classes and test which version
// of ShowDetails is run, base or derived.
TestCars1();
// Declare objects of the base class, instantiated with the
// derived classes, and repeat the tests.
TestCars2();
// Declare objects of the derived classes and call ShowDetails
// directly.
TestCars3();
// Declare objects of the base class, instantiated with the
// derived classes, and repeat the tests.
TestCars4();
}
public static void TestCars1()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("\nTestCars1");
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
Car car1 = new Car();
car1.DescribeCar();
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
// Notice the output from this test case. The new modifier is
// used in the definition of ShowDetails in the ConvertibleCar
// class.
ConvertibleCar car2 = new ConvertibleCar();
car2.DescribeCar();
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
Minivan car3 = new Minivan();
car3.DescribeCar();
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
}
// Output:
// TestCars1
// ----------
// Four wheels and an engine.
// Standard transportation.
// ----------
// Four wheels and an engine.
// Standard transportation.
// ----------
// Four wheels and an engine.
// Carries seven people.
// ----------
public static void TestCars2()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("\nTestCars2");
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
var cars = new List<Car> { new Car(), new ConvertibleCar(),
new Minivan() };
foreach (var car in cars)
{
car.DescribeCar();
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
}
}
// Output:
// TestCars2
// ----------
// Four wheels and an engine.
// Standard transportation.
// ----------
// Four wheels and an engine.
// Standard transportation.
// ----------
// Four wheels and an engine.
// Carries seven people.
// ----------
public static void TestCars3()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("\nTestCars3");
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
ConvertibleCar car2 = new ConvertibleCar();
Minivan car3 = new Minivan();
car2.ShowDetails();
car3.ShowDetails();
}
// Output:
// TestCars3
// ----------
// A roof that opens up.
// Carries seven people.
public static void TestCars4()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("\nTestCars4");
System.Console.WriteLine("----------");
Car car2 = new ConvertibleCar();
Car car3 = new Minivan();
car2.ShowDetails();
car3.ShowDetails();
}
// Output:
// TestCars4
// ----------
// Standard transportation.
// Carries seven people.
}
// Define the base class, Car. The class defines two virtual methods,
// DescribeCar and ShowDetails. DescribeCar calls ShowDetails, and each derived
// class also defines a ShowDetails method. The example tests which version of
// ShowDetails is used, the base class method or the derived class method.
class Car
{
public virtual void DescribeCar()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Four wheels and an engine.");
ShowDetails();
}
public virtual void ShowDetails()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Standard transportation.");
}
}
// Define the derived classes.
// Class ConvertibleCar uses the new modifier to acknowledge that ShowDetails
// hides the base class method.
class ConvertibleCar : Car
{
public new void ShowDetails()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("A roof that opens up.");
}
}
// Class Minivan uses the override modifier to specify that ShowDetails
// extends the base class method.
class Minivan : Car
{
public override void ShowDetails()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Carries seven people.");
}
}
1.子类的实例在执行父类的方法时会根据new或者override和virtual,决定是否现实多态
2.基类指针指向派生类实例时也是,基类指针默认实现基类的方法,而如果有override和virtual,就会实行多态,执行
派生类的方法