百度分布式id-UidGenerator之CachedUidGenerator源码解读

1:UidGenerator源码

https://github.com/baidu/uid-generator 百度uuid默认64位=1位字节符+28位时间+22位机器码+13位机器码

2:CachedUidGenerator介绍

RingBuffer环形数组，数组每个元素成为一个slot。RingBuffer容量，默认为Snowflake算法中sequence最大值，且为2^N。可通过boostPower配置进行扩容，以提高RingBuffer 读写吞吐量。

Tail指针、Cursor指针用于环形数组上读写slot：

Tail指针
表示Producer生产的最大序号(此序号从0开始，持续递增)。Tail不能超过Cursor，即生产者不能覆盖未消费的slot。当Tail已赶上curosr，此时可通过rejectedPutBufferHandler指定PutRejectPolicy

Cursor指针
表示Consumer消费到的最小序号(序号序列与Producer序列相同)。Cursor不能超过Tail，即不能消费未生产的slot。当Cursor已赶上tail，此时可通过rejectedTakeBufferHandler指定TakeRejectPolicy

CachedUidGenerator采用了双RingBuffer，Uid-RingBuffer用于存储Uid、Flag-RingBuffer用于存储Uid状态(是否可填充、是否可消费)

由于数组元素在内存中是连续分配的，可最大程度利用CPU cache以提升性能。但同时会带来「伪共享」FalseSharing问题，为此在Tail、Cursor指针、Flag-RingBuffer中采用了CacheLine 补齐方式。

RingBuffer填充时机
初始化预填充
RingBuffer初始化时，预先填充满整个RingBuffer.

即时填充
Take消费时，即时检查剩余可用slot量(tail - cursor)，如小于设定阈值，则补全空闲slots。阈值可通过paddingFactor来进行配置，请参考Quick Start中CachedUidGenerator配置

周期填充
通过Schedule线程，定时补全空闲slots。可通过scheduleInterval配置，以应用定时填充功能，并指定Schedule时间间隔

3：CachedUidGenerator源码

主要部分CachedUidGenerator 它是继承DefaultUidGenerator里面的算法

3.1 重要几个参数

/** Tail: last position sequence to produce  尾部：要生成的最后一个位置序列 相当于每生产一个uid就+1 */
private final AtomicLong tail = new PaddedAtomicLong(START_POINT);

/** Cursor: current position sequence to consume  光标：要使用的当前位置序列  相当于每消耗一个uid就+1*/
private final AtomicLong cursor = new PaddedAtomicLong(START_POINT);
 
/** 存放uid的数组*/
private final long[] slots;
 /** 存放对应uid使用的状态，0代表已使用，1代表未使用*/
private final PaddedAtomicLong[] flags

3.2 获取id和填充id的方法

//从获取uid的方法
public long take() {
    // spin get next available cursor  旋转获取下一个可用光标---每次拿uid时，光标+1
    long currentCursor = cursor.get();
    long nextCursor = cursor.updateAndGet(old -> old == tail.get() ? old : old + 1);

    // check for safety consideration, it never occurs  出于安全考虑，绝不会发生
    Assert.isTrue(nextCursor >= currentCursor, "Curosr can't move back");

    // trigger padding in an async-mode if reach the threshold  如果达到阈值，则以异步模式触发填充
    long currentTail = tail.get();
    if (currentTail - nextCursor < paddingThreshold) {
        LOGGER.info("Reach the padding threshold:{}. tail:{}, cursor:{}, rest:{}", paddingThreshold, currentTail,
                nextCursor, currentTail - nextCursor);
        bufferPaddingExecutor.asyncPadding();
    }

    // cursor catch the tail, means that there is no more available UID to take 光标捕捉尾部，意味着没有更多可用的UID
    if (nextCursor == currentCursor) {
        rejectedTakeHandler.rejectTakeBuffer(this);
    }

    // 1. check next slot flag is CAN_TAKE_FLAG
    int nextCursorIndex = calSlotIndex(nextCursor);
    Assert.isTrue(flags[nextCursorIndex].get() == CAN_TAKE_FLAG, "Curosr not in can take status");

    // 2. get UID from next slot
    // 3. set next slot flag as CAN_PUT_FLAG.  获取slots里面的值
    long uid = slots[nextCursorIndex];
    //更改状态，代表数据id已被获取掉
    flags[nextCursorIndex].set(CAN_PUT_FLAG);
    // Note that: Step 2,3 can not swap. If we set flag before get value of slot, the producer may overwrite the
    // slot with a new UID, and this may cause the consumer take the UID twice after walk a round the ring
    return uid;
}
//填充方法
public void paddingBuffer() {
    LOGGER.info("Ready to padding buffer lastSecond:{}. {}", lastSecond.get(), ringBuffer);

    // is still running
    if (!running.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
        LOGGER.info("Padding buffer is still running. {}", ringBuffer);
        return;
    }

    // fill the rest slots until to catch the cursor
    boolean isFullRingBuffer = false;
    while (!isFullRingBuffer) {
        //获取该s内部全部的uid
        List<Long> uidList = uidProvider.provide(lastSecond.incrementAndGet());
        for (Long uid : uidList) {
            isFullRingBuffer = !ringBuffer.put(uid);
            if (isFullRingBuffer) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // not running now
    running.compareAndSet(true, false);
    LOGGER.info("End to padding buffer lastSecond:{}. {}", lastSecond.get(), ringBuffer);
}
//填充id到slots数组，填充flags状态变更
public synchronized boolean put(long uid) {
    long currentTail = tail.get();
    long currentCursor = cursor.get();

    // tail catches the cursor, means that you can't put any cause of RingBuffer is full
    long distance = currentTail - (currentCursor == START_POINT ? 0 : currentCursor);
    if (distance == bufferSize - 1) {
        rejectedPutHandler.rejectPutBuffer(this, uid);
        return false;
    }

    // 1. pre-check whether the flag is CAN_PUT_FLAG
    int nextTailIndex = calSlotIndex(currentTail + 1);
    if (flags[nextTailIndex].get() != CAN_PUT_FLAG) {
        rejectedPutHandler.rejectPutBuffer(this, uid);
        return false;
    }

    // 2. put UID in the next slot
    // 3. update next slot' flag to CAN_TAKE_FLAG
    // 4. publish tail with sequence increase by one 填充id，更改状态
    slots[nextTailIndex] = uid;
    flags[nextTailIndex].set(CAN_TAKE_FLAG);
    tail.incrementAndGet();

    // The atomicity of operations above, guarantees by 'synchronized'. In another word,
    // the take operation can't consume the UID we just put, until the tail is published(tail.incrementAndGet())
    return true;
}

1：定义数组大小（默认是65536）slots，flags，项目启动时，初始化相关数据，uid填充进slots，状态1填充到flags，每生产一个uid，tail+1

2：消耗uid的方法，cursor 光标从0开始，每消耗一次uid，光标就+1，根据光标找到slots对应数组的位置，根据位置获取slots数组里面的uid，同时变更flags对应位置的状态0

3：当消耗到50%时， bufferPaddingExecutor.asyncPadding(); 异步触发填充方法，开始生产uid，tail+1，tail找到对应slots数组的位置，把生成的uid替换旧位置的值，然后变更flags状态为1.

4：先理解上一个DefaultUidGenerator，就容易理解这个，源码还是很清晰的。基于这种思维，也可以自己写一个类似分布式id