opencv深入学习(3)-- Mat格式的几个参数以及几种元素存取方法的讨论

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <core.hpp>
#include <highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib,"opencv_core220d.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"opencv_highgui220d.lib")


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	ofstream outFile;
	outFile.open("pixel_32f.txt");

	char name[100] = "d://picture//lena.jpg";
	namedWindow("show", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

	{
		Mat pnm = imread(name, -1);
		if (pnm.empty())
		{
			cout<<"read error"<<endl;
			return -1;
		}
		Mat temp;
		pnm.convertTo(temp, CV_32FC3);
		vector<Mat> vec;
		split(temp, vec);

		cout<<"pnm.channels = "<<pnm.channels()<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.depth = "<<pnm.depth()<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.dims = "<<pnm.dims<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.elemsize = "<<pnm.elemSize()<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.elemsize1 = "<<pnm.elemSize1()<<endl;
		for (int k=0; k<pnm.dims;++k)
		{
			cout<<"pnm.step = "<<pnm.step[k]<<endl;
		}
		cout<<"pnm.step1 = "<<pnm.step1()<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.type = "<<pnm.type()<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.total = "<<pnm.total()<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.rows*cols = "<<pnm.cols*pnm.rows<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.rows = "<<pnm.rows<<endl;
		cout<<"pnm.cols = "<<pnm.cols<<endl;
		cout<<endl;

		cout<<"temp.channels = "<<temp.channels()<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.depth = "<<temp.depth()<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.dims = "<<temp.dims<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.elemsize = "<<temp.elemSize()<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.elemsize1 = "<<temp.elemSize1()<<endl;
		for (int m=0; m<temp.dims; ++m)
		{
			cout<<"temp.step = "<<temp.step[m]<<endl;
		}
		cout<<"temp.step1 = "<<temp.step1()<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.type = "<<temp.type()<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.total = "<<temp.total()<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.rows = "<<temp.rows<<endl;
		cout<<"temp.cols = "<<temp.cols<<endl;
		cout<<endl;

		int i,j;
======section1======//
		int64 beg = cvGetTickCount();

		vector<Mat> spl;		
		split(temp, spl);
		for (i=0; i<temp.rows; ++i)
		{
			float *pt = spl[0].ptr<float>(i);
			for (j=0; j<temp.cols; ++j)
			{
				float mm = pt[j];
//				if(i<6)
//					outFile<<mm<<",";
				mm = mm/(float)20.6;

			}
//			outFile<<endl;
		}
		merge(spl, temp);

		int64 second = cvGetTickCount();

		cout<<(second-beg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
		outFile<<(second-beg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
//=========section2=========
		int64 secbeg = cvGetTickCount();

		for (i=0; i<temp.rows; ++i)
		{
			for (j=0; j<temp.cols; ++j)
			{
				float *mm = &(temp.ptr<float>(i)[3*j]);
//				if(i<6)
//					outFile<<*mm<<",";
				*mm = *mm/(float)20.6;
			}
//			outFile<<endl;
		}
		
		int64 third = cvGetTickCount();
		cout<<(third-secbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
		outFile<<(third-secbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
//============section3==========//		
		int64 thridbeg = cvGetTickCount();
		int col=temp.cols, row = temp.rows;
		if (temp.isContinuous())
		{
			col*=row;
			row =1;
		}
		for (i=0; i<row; ++i)
		{
			const float *pt = temp.ptr<float>(i);
			for (j=0; j<col;++j)
			{
				float mm=pt[3*j];
//				outFile<<mm<<",";
				mm = mm/(float)20.6;
			}
//			outFile<<endl;
		}
		int64 four = cvGetTickCount();
		cout<<(four-thridbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
		outFile<<(four-thridbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
///===========section4===============/
		int64 fourbeg = cvGetTickCount();
		int step0=temp.step[0],step1=temp.step[1];
		for (i=0; i<temp.rows; ++i)
		{
			for (j=0; j<temp.cols; ++j)
			{
				float *pix = (float *)(temp.data+i*step0+j*step1);
//				if(i<6)
//					outFile<<*pix<<",";
				*pix = *pix/(float)20.6;
			}
//			outFile<<endl;
		}
		int64 fifth = cvGetTickCount();
		cout<<(fifth-fourbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
		outFile<<(fifth-fourbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
	//============section5==========//		
		int64 fifthbeg = cvGetTickCount();
		int step00=temp.step[0],step01=temp.step[1];
		int col2=temp.cols, row2 = temp.rows;
		if (temp.isContinuous())
		{
			col2*=row2;
			row2 =1;
		}
		for (i=0; i<row2; ++i)
		{
			for (j=0; j<col2;++j)
			{
				float *mm= (float *)(temp.data+i*step00+j*step01);
				//outFile<<mm<<",";
				*mm = *mm/(float)20.6;
			}
			//	outFile<<endl;
		}
		int64 sixth = cvGetTickCount();
		cout<<(sixth-fifthbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
		outFile<<(sixth-fifthbeg)/cvGetTickFrequency()<<endl;
		
		outFile.close();
		imshow("show", pnm);
		waitKey(0);
	}
	return 0;
}

 

下面是某次的运行结果以及对于Mat的几个参数的分析。
//
pnm.channels = 3 ------------------通道数。
pnm.depth = 0 ------------------矩阵元素的基础元素类型，CV_8U(uchar), CV_32F(float)...等.
pnm.dims = 2 ------------------矩阵的维数，图像一般为2维的;
pnm.elemsize = 3 ------------------矩阵每个元素的大小（所占字节数）=channel×sizeof(elemsize1);
pnm.elemsize1 = 1 ------------------矩阵每个元素的基础元素大小=sizeof(uchar, float......等);
pnm.step = 1536 [0]---------------矩阵每行所占的字节数，包括用于字节对齐的字节,如果不用补齐字节则=cols*elemsize;
pnm.step = 3 [1]---------------矩阵中每个元素所占字节数，对于2维矩阵=elemsize。
pnm.step1 = 1536 ------------------return normalized step; =step[0]/elemsize1，即每行的步长，it can be useful for fast access to arbitrary matrix element;
pnm.type = 16 ------------------返回flags中表示每个元素类型，即CV_8UC3，CV_32FC1等表示的整数
pnm.total = 262144 ------------------=rows*cols
pnm.rows*cols = 262144
pnm.rows = 512
pnm.cols = 512

temp.channels = 3
temp.depth = 5
temp.dims = 2
temp.elemsize = 12
temp.elemsize1 = 4
temp.step = 6144
temp.step = 12
temp.step1 = 1536
temp.type = 21
temp.total = 262144
temp.rows = 512
temp.cols = 512

37098.3
34995
4189.36
6048.81
5776.15
//
最后的几个运行结果每次是不一样的，但是基本可以肯定的是前两种是差不多的，第三种最少，第四和第五不相上下，但是第三种的缺点是丢失了原始的行列信息，对于不计较元素位置的处理来说是首选，正如opencv2.2的手册中所说，在存储结构中没有gap，计算不是太复杂时，可以提升10%-20%的效率。而对于多通道下的需要处理行列信息的计算来说，个人偏好第四种，也就是opencv1.x的方式，直接使用原始指针操作，习惯上用着方便。第一二种方法是C++API的新的获取方式，当然还有使用迭代器方式的存取等，详细的见手册或者cheet_sheet中提供的方法。
当然上面只是对于元素类型是CV_32FC3的进行的测试，对于基础的CV_8UC1/3没有测试。
------后记-------
对于第四种费了很长时间才搞明白，开始的时候没弄清楚，取出的数据不是不对就是直接出现访问异常。对于新的Mat结构所有的有效像素数据都是存储在uchar* data中，所以取用时需要自己显式的转换类型，开始时没有意识到在内存中存储的是uchar类型，直接使用了*(temp.data+i*step0+j*step1)来获取数据，结果总是取到错误的数据，后来意识到存储的是float数据，需要转换，就直接在前面加了(float)结果还是不行，最后仔细分析之后终于发现问题了====*(temp.data+i*step0+j*step1)是按照uchar将数据取出，转换为uchar型的数据，如果在前面加上float转换，只是将uchar提升为了float而不是取出的是float，原来如此，将其改为(float *)(temp.data+i*step0+j*step1)，也就是按照float的形式取出，也就是一次取出4个字节作为一个数据，这样就可以了。