褒贬译法和词性转化法
如何将词语在原文中的感情色彩移植到译文中?
有些词本身就带有褒贬性质,但是孤立起来似乎是中性的。
所以就要根据语言的环境来推测该词是译成褒义还是贬义合适。
如ambitious是中性词,在如下句子中则取褒义:
原文:Although he is very young,he is very ambitious in his research work.
译文:他虽然很年轻,(但是)在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。
下面的则是取贬义:
原文:An ambitious politician guided by expediency rather than principle.
译文:一个有野心的政客为利益而不是原则来指导。
根据译文语言的表达习惯对原文中有些词语进行词性转换,使得译文通顺自然。
英美人比较喜欢用名词和介词,而汉语里面动词用得比较频繁。
英译汉的时候,要注意将各种词类转化成动词,也有一些转化成名词、形容词和副词;
汉译英的时候,则将汉语中大量的动词转化成名词、介词、形容词和副词等。
下面举几个例子:
原文:Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the steps,across the verandah,and into the porch.
(这里把介词转化成动词。)
译文:她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
原文:It was officially announced that it was not reasonable to refuse to solve the problem of husband
and wife living in two separate places.(名词译成副词)
译文:官方宣称,拒不解决夫妻分居两地的问题,是不合乎情理的。
原文:我一见了妹妹,一心都在她身上,又是欢喜,又是伤心,竟忘记了老祖宗。
译文:I was so carried way by the mixture of joy and sorrow at sight of my little cousin.
I forgot our Old Ancestress.