Activiti 用户手册
先让我们来了解一下什么是Activiti
Activiti 是什么
Activiti是一个开源的工作流引擎,它实现了BPMN 2.0规范,可以发布设计好的流程定义,并通过api进行流程调度。
Activiti基于Apache许可的开源BPM平台,创始人Tom Baeyens是JBoss Activiti的项目架构师,它的特色是提供了eclipse插件,开发人员可以通过插件直接绘画出业务流程图。
常用的工作流框架:Shark、Activiti、OSWorkflow、YAWL等。
工作流(workflow)
业务过程的部分或整体在计算机应用环境下的自动化,它主要解决的是”使在流程中的多个参与者按照预定义的规则传递文档、信息或任务的过程自动进行,从而完成某个预期的业务目标“。
工作流管理系统(Workflow Management System, WfMS) 是一个软件系统(为企业业务运行提供的一个软件的支撑环境),它通过执行经过计算的流程定义去支持一批专门设定的业务流程,它完成工作量的定义(具体活动、规则)和管理,并按照在系统中预先定义好的工作流规则进行工作流实例的执行。
工作流引擎
ProcessEngine对象,这是Activiti工作的核心。负责生成流程运行时的各种实例及数据、监控和管理流程的运行。
BPMN 2.0
业务流程符号和模型(Business Process Model and Notation,BPMN) ,描述流程的基本符号,包括这些图元如何组合成一个业务流程图(Business Process Diagram)
了解了基本概念之后让我们先做个小例子体验一下,还是用经典的 helloworld。
我们这里使用 ecplise4.4、mysql 数据库,为了更方便的使用 activiti,建议安装 activiti 的插件,插件可以在这里下载。
配置数据库 (activiti.cfg.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
<bean id="processEngineConfiguration" class="org.activiti.engine.impl.cfg.StandaloneProcessEngineConfiguration">
<!-- 数据库连接配置 -->
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testactiviti?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"></property>
<property name="jdbcDriver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUsername" value="root"></property>
<property name="jdbcPassword" value="12345"></property>
<!-- 建表策略 -->
<property name="databaseSchemaUpdate" value="true"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
maven配置
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-engine</artifactId>
<version>${activiti-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-spring</artifactId>
<version>${activiti-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-bpmn-layout</artifactId>
<version>${activiti.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-spring</artifactId>
<version>${activiti.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
</dependency>
...
首先画出Activiti流程图(helloworld.bpmn)
对应代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<definitions xmlns="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:activiti="http://activiti.org/bpmn" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:omgdc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:omgdi="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" typeLanguage="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" expressionLanguage="http://www.w3.org/1999/XPath" targetNamespace="http://www.activiti.org/test">
<process id="helloworld" name="HelloWorld实例" isExecutable="true">
<startEvent id="startevent1" name="Start"></startEvent>
<userTask id="usertask1" name="提交申请" activiti:assignee="张三"></userTask>
<userTask id="usertask2" name="部门经理【审批】" activiti:assignee="李四"></userTask>
<userTask id="usertask3" name="总经理【审批】" activiti:assignee="王五"></userTask>
<sequenceFlow id="flow1" sourceRef="startevent1" targetRef="usertask1"></sequenceFlow>
<sequenceFlow id="flow2" sourceRef="usertask1" targetRef="usertask2"></sequenceFlow>
<sequenceFlow id="flow3" sourceRef="usertask2" targetRef="usertask3"></sequenceFlow>
<endEvent id="endevent1" name="End"></endEvent>
<sequenceFlow id="flow4" sourceRef="usertask3" targetRef="endevent1"></sequenceFlow>
</process>
<bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_helloworld">
<bpmndi:BPMNPlane bpmnElement="helloworld" id="BPMNPlane_helloworld">
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="startevent1" id="BPMNShape_startevent1">
<omgdc:Bounds height="35.0" width="35.0" x="275.0" y="50.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="usertask1" id="BPMNShape_usertask1">
<omgdc:Bounds height="55.0" width="105.0" x="240.0" y="120.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="usertask2" id="BPMNShape_usertask2">
<omgdc:Bounds height="55.0" width="105.0" x="240.0" y="210.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="usertask3" id="BPMNShape_usertask3">
<omgdc:Bounds height="55.0" width="105.0" x="240.0" y="300.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="endevent1" id="BPMNShape_endevent1">
<omgdc:Bounds height="35.0" width="35.0" x="275.0" y="380.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="flow1" id="BPMNEdge_flow1">
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="85.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="120.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="flow2" id="BPMNEdge_flow2">
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="175.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="210.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="flow3" id="BPMNEdge_flow3">
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="265.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="300.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="flow4" id="BPMNEdge_flow4">
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="355.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="292.0" y="380.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
</bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
</bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</definitions>
HelloWorld.java
package com.activiti.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.activiti.engine.ProcessEngine;
import org.activiti.engine.ProcessEngines;
import org.activiti.engine.repository.Deployment;
import org.activiti.engine.runtime.ProcessInstance;
import org.activiti.engine.task.Task;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HelloWorld {
//创建流程引擎实例(方法三)
ProcessEngine processEngine = ProcessEngines.getDefaultProcessEngine();
/**创建流程引擎实例(方法一)**/
@Test
public void createTable() {
//创建activiti配置对象的实例
ProcessEngineConfiguration configuration = ProcessEngineConfiguration.createStandaloneProcessEngineConfiguration();
//设置数据库连接信息
configuration.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testactiviti?createDatabaseIfNotExist&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8");
configuration.setJdbcDriver("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
configuration.setJdbcUsername("root");
configuration.setJdbcPassword("12345");
System.out.println("-------run----------");
//设置数据库建表策略
/**
* DB_SCHEMA_UPDATE_TRUE:如果不存在表就创建表,存在就直接使用
* DB_SCHEMA_UPDATE_FALSE:如果不存在表就抛出异常
* DB_SCHEMA_UPDATE_CREATE_DROP:每次都先删除表,再创建新的表
*/
configuration.setDatabaseSchemaUpdate(ProcessEngineConfiguration.DB_SCHEMA_UPDATE_CREATE_DROP);
//使用配置对象创建流程实例
processEngine = configuration.buildProcessEngine();
System.out.println(processEngine);
}
/**常见流程引擎实例(方法二)**/
@Test
public void testDBByProperties() throws Exception {
// 加载classpath下名为activiti.cfg.xml文件,创建核心流程引擎对象
ProcessEngine processEngine = ProcessEngineConfiguration.createProcessEngineConfigurationFromResource("activiti.cfg.xml").buildProcessEngine();
System.out.println(processEngine);
}
//部署流程定义
@Test
public void deploy() {
Deployment deployment = processEngine.getRepositoryService()//获取管理流程定义实例
.createDeployment()//获取部署实例,添加要部署的流程并部署
.addClasspathResource("diagrams/helloworld.png")//从classpath中加载,一次只能加载一个文件
.addClasspathResource("diagrams/helloworld.bpmn")
.name("helloworld入门实例")//添加部署的名称
.deploy();//部署
System.out.println("部署ID:" + deployment.getId());
System.out.println("部署名称:" + deployment.getName());
}
//启动流程实例
@Test
public void startProcess() {
ProcessInstance in = processEngine.getRuntimeService()//获取正在执行的流程实例和流程对象相关的Service
.startProcessInstanceByKey("helloworld");//使用流程定义的key启动流程实例,key对应helloworld.bpmn文件中id的属性值,
//使用key值启动,默认是按照最新版本的流程定义启动
System.out.println("流程定义的ID:" + in.getProcessDefinitionId());
System.out.println("流程实例的ID:" + in.getId());
}
/**查询当前人的个人任务*/
@Test
public void findMyPersonalTask() {
String assignee = "李四";//办理人
List<Task> list = processEngine.getTaskService()//与正在执行的任务管理相关的Service
.createTaskQuery()//创建任务查询对象
.taskAssignee(assignee)//指定个人任务查询,指定办理人
.list();
if (list != null && list.size() > 0) {
for (Task task : list) {
System.out.println("任务ID:" + task.getId());
System.out.println("任务名称:" + task.getName());
System.out.println("任务办理人:" + task.getAssignee());
System.out.println("任务的创建时间:"+task.getCreateTime());
System.out.println("流程定义ID:" + task.getProcessDefinitionId());
System.out.println("流程实例ID:" + task.getProcessInstanceId());
System.out.println("执行对象ID:" + task.getExecutionId());
}
}
}
/**完成我的任务**/
@Test
public void completeMyPersonalTask() {
String taskId = "12502";//任务ID
processEngine.getTaskService()
.complete(taskId);
System.out.println("完成任务:任务ID:"+taskId);
}
}