Day 5 Binomials and "must" and "have to"

1.Binomials

Sick and tired is a phrase which means annoyed and bored. Phrases like this with two nouns joined by and are very common and useful in English. They’re called binomials.

Here are a few more:

aches and pains
general body pains that aren’t serious

A warm bath is great for aches and pains.

cheap and cheerful
simple, basic and often inexpensive

The cafe was cheap and cheerful but the food was great.

short and sweet
quick and simple

Our Monday meetings are always short and sweet.

black and blue
sore and bruised

Look at these bruises – I’m black and blue.

quick and dirty
short, simple and basic

It was a one-minute quick and dirty presentation.

3.Vocabulary Reference

Mr Christmas
turkey
a large bird like a chicken, kept for its meat

gravy
a thick meat sauce served with meat and vegetables

broccoli
a vegetable with a green stem and a green or purple head

stuffing balls
balls of stuffing: food that is cut into small pieces and put inside meat or vegetables

every single day
a stronger way of saying ‘every day’

overweight
fat; heavier than you should be

fatty
containing a lot of fat

Must and mustn’t
expires
officially finishes, usually after a particular date

mustn’t grumble
can’t complain; not bad (said after someone asks how you are)

2.Grammar Reference

‘Have to’ and ‘must’ (obligation)
Meaning and use
If you have to do something, it is necessary for you to do it. It’s a law, an obligation or a fact.

You have to get a visa if you want to go to Russia.
According to our agreement, we have to send these orders to our client today.
I have to go to the doctor later today.

If you must do something, it is necessary for you to do it, but this is often your opinion or a rule that you have made yourself.

I must remember to buy a birthday card for Alice today.

We see must (not have to) in formal written notices or rules that an organization has made itself.

All students must be at the examination hall fifteen minutes before the exam.

We can often use either have to or must in a sentence. But be careful! There a big difference in meaning between don’t have to and mustn’t.If you don’t have to do something, it isn’t necessary to do it, but you can if you want.

You don’t have to finish the spreadsheet today. Tomorrow will be fine.

If you mustn’t do something, it means ‘don’t do it’. It is necessary not to do it.

Employees mustn’t send passwords by email.

I mustn’t make any mistakes this time.

Form
We use have to / must + infinitive without ‘to’. Must is the same form for all persons (I, you, he, she, etc.). Have to changes to has to in the third person singular (he, she, it).

Positive
Karen has to get up at six every day in order to get to work on time.

You must drive more carefully or you will have an accident.

Negative
You don’t have to take a towel. The swimming pool provides them.
They’re expecting us to call so we mustn’t forget.

Questions
It is possible to ask questions with Must + subject…? but it is much more common to use Do/Does + subject + have to…?

Do I have to come to the meeting tomorrow? (Must I come to the meeting tomorrow?)

Take note: the future and the past
There is no future or past form of must. We use will have to (future)and had to (past).

It’s too late now. You’ll have to talk toher tomorrow.
All the trains were cancelled, so we had to get a taxi.
Did you have to write it all again?

Take note: have got to
In informal British English, we sometimes use have got to instead of have to. They mean the same.

You’ve got to get a visa if you want to go to Russia.

Have we got to send these orders today?

The family reunion
family reunion
when family members and relatives get together to celebrate a special date or occasion

A&E
Accident & Emergency (A&E) is a department in hospitals for patients without appointments, who need urgent help

to bang
to hit

to feel dizzy
to feel like your head is spinning and that you might fall

vegan
someone who doesn’t eat meat or animal products; also an adjective describing this kind of diet

poultry
chicken and other birds which people eat

anniversary
date on which something happened and is remembered every year

imagine
think about something which isn’t real

extensively
widely

veganism
the state of being vegan

minimising
making as small as possible

ecological footprint
the amount you affect the environment

animal rights
the idea that animals have rights

to inform
to tell

preaching
speaking about your beliefs forcefully in the hope others will agree with you

actions speak louder than words
a phrase that means what you do is more important than what you say, and has more influence over people