Day 18 Male and female job words AND Subject-object questions

1.Job genders

For a man - For a woman - For a man or a woman:
actor - actress - actor

waiter - waitress (sometimes) - waiter

policeman - policewoman - police officer

businessman - businesswoman - (sometimes) businessperson

chairman - chairwoman - chairperson / chair

fireman - (sometimes) firewoman - firefighter

presenter - presenter - presenter

steward - stewardess - flight attendant

2.Subject-object questions

Meaning and use
A simple way of asking questions in English is by using interrogatives, or question words, such as who or what. These questions are called wh-questions and are used when asking for information.

What time is it?
Who ate the biscuits?

Look at this sentence:

Sally met David Beckham.

We can ask about the subject or object of this sentence:

Asking about the subject: Who met David Beckham? Sally met David Beckham.

Asking about the object: Who did Sally meet? Sally met David Beckham.

The first question is a subject question because who refers to the subject. There is no auxiliary. The second question is an object question because who refers to the object and comes before the auxiliary did.

Form
Subject questionswith no auxiliary are formed with: question word + verb + object, where the verb agrees with the subject.

‘Who speaks Japanese?’ ‘Kento speaks Japanese.’
‘Who rang the doorbell?’ ‘The milkman rang the doorbell.’
‘What caused the accident?’ ‘Bad weather caused the accident.’

Whose and which ask about possession and choice,and can be used in subject questions like this:

Whose horse finished the race first?
Which painting cost the most?

Take note: using ‘what’ or ‘which’

As well as which, what is also used to ask about choices. If the choice is limited, we use which and this is usually followed by a noun.

What social networks do you use?
What happened to your shirt?
Which chair is yours?
Which of these restaurants has the best service?
Which hand do you write with?

Spoken English
In casual speech, who is or who has often becomes who’s. This can cause problems for the listener because it sounds the same as the question word whose, which is used to show possession. Whose usually comes before a noun.

Who’s coming for dinner?
Whose bike got stolen?
Whose hat cost over £100?
Whose mobile phone still has a signal?

3.Vocabulary Reference

(idiom) leaves no stone unturned
do everything possible to find something or to solve a problem

case
crime that needs to be solved

suspects
people who the police think may have carried out a crime

groom
man who is getting married

bride
woman who is getting married

the mother of the bride / bride’s mother
mother of the woman who is getting married

bridesmaid
female friend or relative a woman who is getting married and who helps her at the wedding

mother-in-law
mother of the woman or man you are married to

the best man
male friend or relative of a man who is getting married and who helps him at the wedding

investigation
(here) process of asking questions, finding out facts and looking at them in order to solve a crime

patience
being able to wait or continue to do something, especially something difficult, without complaining

realise
understand

evidence
facts that show that something is true or (here) someone has carried out a crime

thief
person who steals something

lent (to lend)
gave (to give) something to someone for a limited time, expecting them to return it

skill
being able to do something well

gambler
someone who tries to win money by predicting results of races or other competitions

intonation
the way your voice goes up and down when you speak, which can affect the meaning of what you are saying

fake
to pretend; to make people believe something which isn’t true

hit someone over the head
to hit someone’s head

set something alight
to make something burn

fled
the past form of ‘flee’, meaning to escape from a bad situation by running away

to convict
to officially decide that someone is guilty of a crime

hanged
the past form of ‘hang’, meaning to kill someone by tying a rope around their neck and then dropping them, especially as a punishment for a crime

shortly after
a short time after

inherit
to receive money or property from someone after they have died

incentive
a reason to do something

extract
to take one thing out of another

take place
to happen

threatened
promise to do something bad to someone

mixing
putting different substances together for them to form a third one

sewing
joining two pieces of something using a needle and thread

dragged
pulled something along the ground