C/C++函数调用的几种方式

CA笔试考题，MS面试vender考题，可惜我一次都没做出来：（

The Visual C/C++ compiler provides several ways to call internal and external functions. Understanding these different approaches can help you debug your program and link your code with assembly-language routines.
The following will explain the differences between the calling conventions, how arguments are passed, and how values are returned by functions.

__cdecl:
 the default calling convention for C and C++ programs. Because the stack is cleaned up by the caller, it can do vararg functions. The __cdecl calling convention creates larger executables than __stdcall, because it requires each function call to include stack cleanup code.

Element	Implementation
Argument-passing order	Right to left
Stack-maintenance responsibility	Calling function pops the arguments from the stack
Name-decoration convention	Underscore character (_) is prefixed to names
Case-translation convention	No case translation performed

__stdcall:

The __stdcall calling convention is used to call Win32 API functions. The callee cleans the stack, so the compiler makes vararg functions __cdecl. Functions that use this calling convention require a function prototype.

Element	Implementation
Argument-passing order	Right to left.
Argument-passing convention	By value, unless a pointer or reference type is passed.
Stack-maintenance responsibility	Called function pops its own arguments from the stack.
Name-decoration convention	An underscore (_) is prefixed to the name. The name is followed by the at sign (@) followed by the number of bytes (in decimal) in the argument list. Therefore, the function declared as int func( int a, double b ) is decorated as follows: _func@12
Case-translation convention	None

__fastcall:

The __fastcall calling convention specifies that arguments to functions are to be passed in registers, when possible.

Element	Implementation
Argument-passing order	The first two DWORD or smaller arguments are passed in ECX and EDX registers; all other arguments are passed right to left.
Stack-maintenance responsibility	Called function pops the arguments from the stack.
Name-decoration convention	At sign (@) is prefixed to names; an at sign followed by the number of bytes (in decimal) in the parameter list is suffixed to names.
Case-translation convention	No case translation performed.