Shell中结构语法

1. if 条件语句：

if condition which is used for decision making in shell script, If given condition is true then command1 is executed.
Syntax:

	if condition

	then

		command1 if condition is true or if exit status

		of condition is 0 (zero)

		...

		...

	fi



Condition is defined as:

 "Condition is nothing but comparison between two values.
"



哈哈，很喜欢这个词组： ... is nothing but ...

很有藐视一切的气概！

希望等我看着这本书，我也可以说句 shell is nothing but combination of some linux command!

if...else...fi

If given condition is true then command1 is executed otherwise command2 is executed.
Syntax:

 

 if
 condition

           then


                       condition is zero (true - 0)

                       execute all commands up to else statement



           else


                       if condition is not true then

                       execute all commands up to fi

           fi

嵌套的条件语句：

You can use the nested if s as follows also:
Syntax:

 

if 
condition

	then


		if
 condition

		then


			.....

			..

			do this

		else


			....

			..

			do this

		fi


	else


		...

		.....

		do this

	fi

 

if 后跟多个else语句：

           if
 condition

           then

                       condition is zero (true - 0)

                       execute all commands up to elif statement

           elif 
condition1 

           then


                       condition1 is zero (true - 0)

                       execute all commands up to elif statement  

           elif
 condition2

           then


                       condition2 is zero (true - 0)

                       execute all commands up to elif statement          

           else


                       None of the above condtion,condtion1,condtion2 are true (i.e. 

                       all of the above nonzero or false)

                       execute all commands up to fi

           fi

2  test commnad or [expr]

test command or [ expr ] is used to see if an expression is true, and if

 it is true it return zero(0), otherwise returns nonzero for false.

 Syntax: 


 test expression OR [ expression ]

test or [ expr ] works with
1.Integer ( Number without decimal point)
2.File types
3.Character strings

For Mathematics, use following operator in Shell Script

Mathematical Operator in  Shell Script	Meaning	Normal Arithmetical/ Mathematical Statements	But in Shell
			For test statement with if command	For [ expr ] statement with if command
-eq	is equal to	5 == 6	if test 5 -eq 6	if [ 5 -eq 6 ]
-ne	is not equal to	5 != 6	if test 5 -ne 6	if [ 5 -ne 6 ]
-lt	is less than	5 < 6	if test 5 -lt 6	if [ 5 -lt 6 ]
-le	is less than or equal to	5 <= 6	if test 5 -le 6	if [ 5 -le 6 ]
-gt	is greater than	5 > 6	if test 5 -gt 6	if [ 5 -gt 6 ]
-ge	is greater than or equal to	5 >= 6	if test 5 -ge 6	if [ 5 -ge 6 ]

NOTE: == is equal, != is not equal.

For string Comparisons use

Operator	Meaning
string1 = string2	string1 is equal to string2
string1 != string2	string1 is NOT equal to string2
string1	string1 is NOT NULL or not defined
-n string1	string1 is NOT NULL and does exist
-z string1	string1 is NULL and does exist

Shell also test for file and directory types

Test	Meaning
-s file	Non empty file
-f file	Is File exist or normal file and not a directory
-d dir	Is Directory exist and not a file
-w file	Is writeable file
-r file	Is read-only file
-x file	Is file is executable

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine two or more condition at a time

Operator	Meaning
! expression	Logical NOT
expression1  -a  expression2	Logical AND
expression1  -o  expression2	Logical OR

3 for 循环：


         for 
{ variable name } in 
{ list }

            do


                     execute one for each item in the list until the list is

                     not finished (And repeat all statement between do and done)

            done

第二种for 循环

Syntax:

for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 ))
do
..... ... repeat all statements between do and done until expr2 is TRUE Done

4 while 循环：

        while [ condition ]


           do


                 command1

                 command2

                 command3

                 ..

                 ....



            done





5 case 条件语句：



Syntax:

           cas
e  $variable-name  in


                pattern1) 
  command

                                ...

                                ..

                                command;;

                pattern2)   command

                                ...

                                ..

                                command;;

                patternN) 
  command

                                ...

                                ..

                                command;;

                *)             command

                                ...

                                ..

                                command;;



           esac


几点注意：  patten 后面)不能丢掉



以上这些内容都比较基础，看完就差不多会用，所以没什么好讲的。例子也不举了