功能:检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况。可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间,目前还剩下多少空间等信息。
语法:df [选项]
说明:df命令可显示所有文件系统对i节点和磁盘块的使用情况。
该命令各个选项的含义如下:
-a 显示所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况,包括0块(block)的文件系统,如/proc文件系统。
-k 以k字节为单位显示。
-i 显示i节点信息,而不是磁盘块。
-t 显示各指定类型的文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况。
-x 列出不是某一指定类型文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况(与t选项相反)。
-T 显示文件系统类型。
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # df -i -x tmpfs
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 2099088 112652 1986436 6% /
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # df -iT -t vfat -t ext3
Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext3 2099088 112652 1986436 6% /
du命令:
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # du --help
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
names specified in file F
-H like --si, but also evokes a warning; will soon
change to be equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
-X FILE, --exclude-from=FILE Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE.
--exclude=PATTERN Exclude files that match PATTERN.
--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # du -hc *
4.0K Desktop
20K Documents
4.0K bin
20K inst-sys/.yast2
8.0K inst-sys/.gnupg
8.0K inst-sys/.config
56K inst-sys
84K total
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # du -hs
15M .
fsck命令:
fsck 1.41.1 (01-Sep-2008)
fsck.ext3: invalid option -- 'h'
Usage: fsck.ext3 [-panyrcdfvtDFV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize]
[-I inode_buffer_blocks] [-P process_inode_size]
[-l|-L bad_blocks_file] [-C fd] [-j external_journal]
[-E extended-options] device
Emergency help:
-p Automatic repair (no questions)
-n Make no changes to the filesystem
-y Assume "yes" to all questions
-c Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
-f Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
-v Be verbose
-b superblock Use alternative superblock
-B blocksize Force blocksize when looking for superblock
-j external_journal Set location of the external journal
-l bad_blocks_file Add to badblocks list
-L bad_blocks_file Set badblocks list
Linux fstab命令的理解:
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # cat /etc/fstab
/dev/vda1 / ext3 acl,user_xattr 1 1
/dev/vda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5
第一列表示 file system
第二列表示挂载点
第三列表示文件类型
第5列为dump选项,设置是否让备份程序dump备份文件系统,0为忽略,1为备份。
第6列为fsck选项,告诉fsck程序以什么顺序检查文件系统,0为忽略。
lsof: lsof - list open files
基本描述:查看系统/进程所占资源
语法:lsof[选择参数][文件]
功能:lsof 命令:用于查看你进程开打的文件,打开文件的进程,进程打开的端口(TCP、UDP)。找回/恢复删除的文件。是十分方便的系统监视工具,因为 lsof 需要访问核心内存和各种文件,所以需要root用户执行
参数:
-a 列出打开文件存在的进程
-c<进程名> 列出指定进程所打开的文件
-g 列出GID号进程详情
-d<文件号> 列出占用该文件号的进程
+d<目录> 列出目录下被打开的文件
+D<目录> 递归列出目录下被打开的文件
-n<目录> 列出使用NFS的文件
-i<条件> 列出符合条件的进程。(4、6、协议、:端口、 @ip )
-p<进程号> 列出指定进程号所打开的文件
-u 列出UID号进程详情
-h 显示帮助信息
-v 显示版本信息