Gabor特征码分析

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The Gabor filter, named after Dennis Gabor, is a linear filter used in myriad of image processing application for edge detection, texture analysis, feature extraction, etc. The characteristics of certain cells in the visual cortex of some mammals can be approximated by these filters. These filters have been shown to possess optimal localization properties in both spatial and frequency domain and thus are well suited for texture segmentation problems. Gabor filters are special classes of band pass filters, i.e., they allow a certain ‘band’ of frequencies and reject the others. A Gabor filter can be viewed as a sinusoidal signal of particular frequency and orientation, modulated by a Gaussian wave. One such 2D Gabor filter is shown in the figure 1.

以Dennis Gabor命名的Gabor滤波器是一种线性滤波器，在无数的图像处理应用中用于边缘检测、纹理分析、特征提取等。一些哺乳动物的视觉皮层中的某些细胞的特征可以用这些滤波器来近似描述。这些滤波器已被证明在空间和频率域都具有最佳的定位特性，因此很适合用于纹理分割问题。Gabor滤波器是特殊类别的带通滤波器，也就是说，它们允许某个 "带 "的频率，而拒绝其他的频率。一个Gabor滤波器可以被看作是一个具有特定频率和方向的正弦信号，由高斯波调制。一个这样的二维Gabor滤波器如图1所示。

Figure 1: A 2-D Gabor filter obtained by modulating the sine wave with a Gaussian
From the above figure we can notice that the sinusoid has been spatially localized. In practice to analyze texture or obtain feature from image, a bank of Gabor filter with number of different orientation are used.

从上图中我们可以注意到，正弦波已经被空间定位了。在实践中，为了分析纹理或从图像中获取特征，我们使用了一些不同方向的Gabor滤波器组。

Consider an example of elephant which has pattern or stripes on its skin at different orientation. Now to highlight or extract out all those patterns we are going to use a bank of 16 Gabor filters at an orientation of 11.250 (i.e. if the first filter is at 00, then the second will be at 11.250, the third will be at 22.50, and so on.).The figure 2 shows all the filter bank of 16 filters

考虑一个大象的例子，它的皮肤上有不同方向的图案或条纹。现在，为了突出或提取所有这些图案，我们将使用一个由16个Gabor滤波器组成的银行，其方向为11.250（即如果第一个滤波器是在00，那么第二个将在11.250，第三个将在22.50，以此类推）。