误差棒折线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

# 1.准备 x 轴和 y 轴的数据
x = np.arange(3)
y1 = np.array([1.89, 1.45, 1.63])
y2 = np.array([1.56, 1.69, 1.74])
y3 = np.array([4.66, 5.24, 5.89])
y4 = np.array([3.34, 2.56, 4.99])

# 2.指定测量偏差
error1 = [0.11, 0.05, 0.11]
error2 = [0.20, 0.19, 0.12]
error3 = [0.30, 0.32, 0.29]
error4 = [0.19, 0.30, 0.33]
bar_width = 0.5

# 3.绘制柱形图
plt.bar(x, y1, bar_width)
plt.bar(x + bar_width, y2, bar_width, tick_label=["春季", "夏季", "秋季"])
plt.bar(x + 2*bar_width, y3, bar_width)
plt.bar(x + 3*bar_width, y4, bar_width)

# 4.绘制误差棒 : 横杆大小为 3,  线条宽度为 2,  线条颜色为黑色, 数据点标记为,（像素点）,不绘制连接线
plt.errorbar(x,                y1, yerr=error1, capsize=3, elinewidth=2, fmt=',k')
plt.errorbar(x + bar_width,    y2, yerr=error2, capsize=3, elinewidth=2, fmt=',k')
plt.errorbar(x + 2*bar_width,  y3, yerr=error3, capsize=3, elinewidth=2, fmt=',k')
plt.errorbar(x + 3*bar_width,  y4, yerr=error4, capsize=3, elinewidth=2, fmt=',k')
plt.show()