ServletContext对象

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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签： servlet web

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ServletContext对象

WEB容器在启动时，它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表当前web应用。
ServletContext对象被包含在ServletConfig对象中，开发人员在编写servlet时，可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得对ServletContext对象的引用。
由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象，因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。

得到servletContext对象的方式：

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/*
 * servletContext示例
 */
public class ServletDemo6 extends HttpServlet {


    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        //得到servletContext的方式1
        ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();

        //得到servletContext的方式2
        context = this.getServletContext();

    }


    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

}

ServletContext应用

多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享。
示例代码：

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/*
 * ServletContext的应用
 * 所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext
 * ServletContex对象通常被称为context域对象
 * 
 */
public class ServletDemo7 extends HttpServlet {


    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String data = "aaaa";
        this.getServletContext().setAttribute("data",data);

    }


    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

}

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/*
 * servletContext域：
 * 1.这是一个容器
 * 2.servletContext域这句话说明了这个容器作用范围，也就应用程序范围
 * 
 */
//通过servletContext实现ServletDemo7和servletDemo8的数据交换
public class ServletDemo8 extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String value = (String) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("data");
        System.out.println(value);
    }


    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {


    }

}

先访问ServletDemo7然后访问ServletDemo8，发现在命令行输出了：aaaa。

获取WEB应用的初始化参数。
示例代码：

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//获取web应用的初始化参数
/*
 *  <!-- 获取web应用的初始化参数 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>data</param-name>
        <param-value>xxx</param-value>
    </context-param>

 */
public class ServletDemo9 extends HttpServlet {


    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String value = this.getServletContext().getInitParameter("data");
        System.out.println(value);


    }


    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {


    }

}

在应用程序的web.xml中增加以下内容：

    <!-- 获取web应用的初始化参数 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>data</param-name>
        <param-value>xxx</param-value>
    </context-param>

访问ServletDemo9，发现命令行输出了：xxx。

实现Servlet的转发。
示例代码：

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//通过servletContext实现请求转发、
public class ServletDemo10 extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String data = "aaaaaa";

        //把数据带给1.jsp
        this.getServletContext().setAttribute("data", data);
        RequestDispatcher rd = this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/1.jsp"); //得到转发到的对象（得到转发到1.jsp的对象）
        rd.forward(request, response);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

}

1.jsp的文件内容如下：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>


    <title>My JSP '1.jsp' starting page</title>

  </head>

  <body>


        <h1>
      <font color="red"> 
        <%
            String data = (String)application.getAttribute("data");
            out.write(data);
         %>
       </font>
     </h1>

  </body>
</html>

访问ServletDemo10，可以在浏览器看到如下结果：
这里写图片描述

利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件。
示例代码：

package servlet;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ServletDemo11 extends HttpServlet {
//通过ServletContext去读取资源文件（db.properties）
    //读取资源文件(模板代码)
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
            test1();
            System.out.println("---------------");
            test2();
            System.out.println("---------------");
            test3();
            System.out.println("---------------");
            test4();
            System.out.println("---------------");
            test5();
    }



    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }


    //读取/src下面的db.properties文件
    private void test1() throws IOException {
        InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");//把资源文件作为流返回
        Properties props = new Properties();    //map
        props.load(in);

        String url = props.getProperty("url");
        String username = props.getProperty("username");
        String password = props.getProperty("password");

        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }


    //读取/src/servlet下面的db.properties文件
    private void test2() throws IOException {
        InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/servlet/db.properties");//把资源文件作为流返回
        Properties props = new Properties();    //map
        props.load(in);

        String url = props.getProperty("url");
        String username = props.getProperty("username");
        String password = props.getProperty("password");

        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }


    //读取/WebRoot下面的db.properties文件
    private void test3() throws IOException {
        InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");//把资源文件作为流返回
        Properties props = new Properties();    //map
        props.load(in);

        String url = props.getProperty("url");
        String username = props.getProperty("username");
        String password = props.getProperty("password");

        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }


    //读取资源文件需要注意的问题(不要采用传统方式，要采用ServletContext)
    //传统方式采用相对路径去读取资源文件
    private void test4() throws IOException {
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("classes/db.properties");//把资源文件作为流返回,相对路径，相对于java虚拟机，就是Tomcat的启动目录D:\Tomcat\apache-tomcat-6.0.20\bin
        //在D:\Tomcat\apache-tomcat-6.0.20\bin目录下创建一个classes文件，里面放入db.properties文件。
        Properties props = new Properties();    //map
        props.load(in);

        String url = props.getProperty("url");
        String username = props.getProperty("username");
        String password = props.getProperty("password");

        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }


    //传统方式用绝对路径去读取资源文件
    private void test5() throws IOException{
        String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");//返回资源文件的绝对路径
        //好处：可以截取到资源文件的名称
        String filename = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
        System.out.println("当前读取到的资源名称是："+filename);

        //之后用传统方式
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(path);//把资源文件作为流返回
        Properties props = new Properties();    //map
        props.load(in);

        String url = props.getProperty("url");
        String username = props.getProperty("username");
        String password = props.getProperty("password");

        System.out.println("当前读取到的资源数据是：");
        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }
}