特此说明：本文参考《疯狂Java实战演义》
开发游戏：控制台五子棋
开发工具：记事本
五子棋流程分析
需求分析
这个游戏比较简单，我们要完成人机下棋，需要棋盘类、棋子类和游戏类。棋盘和棋子都可以看成是游戏的一部分，构成聚合关系。然后根据上面的游戏流程分析。重点还是自上而下地进行结构化设计程序。
- 开始游戏
- 强行退出或重玩游戏强行退出或重玩游戏
- 用户输入落子坐标
- 判断落子坐标是否合法
- 判断输赢和棋（如有赢方或和棋，判断是否重玩）
- 程序输入落子坐标
代码实现
经过约摸8小时左右的奋战。写着调试着，终于大功告成，不知是否还有bug！！笔者参考了原作者思路，并加以改进，完全使用记事本开发。具体代码如下！！
Chessman.java
//根据枚举类写法书写，棋子枚举类只需提供黑白棋两个实例即可
public enum Chessman{
BLACK("●"),WHITE("○");//注意在黑框框命令行下●是灰色，估计是不够黑的缘故吧
private String chessman;
private Chessman(String chessman){
this.chessman = chessman;
}
public String getChessman(){
return this.chessman;
}
//测试
/*
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(Chessman.BLACK.getChessman());
System.out.println(Chessman.WHITE.getChessman());
}
*/
}
Chessboard.java
public class Chessboard{
//棋盘
private String[][] chessboard;
//棋盘长宽
public static final int CHESSBOARD_SIZE = 15;
//空参构造函数
public Chessboard(){}
//初始化棋盘，用二维数组表示棋盘，每个数组元素都赋值为┼
public void initChessboard(){
this.chessboard = new String[CHESSBOARD_SIZE][CHESSBOARD_SIZE];
//画出棋盘
for(int i = 0; i< CHESSBOARD_SIZE; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < CHESSBOARD_SIZE; j++){
this.chessboard[i][j] = "┼";
}
}
}
//打印棋盘
public void printChessboard(){
for(int i = 0; i<CHESSBOARD_SIZE; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < CHESSBOARD_SIZE; j++){
System.out.print(this.chessboard[i][j]);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
//把棋盘上的位置（posX, posY）放上棋子chessman，单纯从这一点看，
//棋盘类确实是依赖游戏类的，也就是说，不玩游戏的话，何谈要打印棋盘呢！
public void setChessboard(int posX, int posY, String chessman){
this.chessboard[posX][posY] = chessman;
}
//获得棋盘对象中的棋盘二维数组
public String[][] getChessboard(){
return this.chessboard;
}
//测试
/*
public static void main(String[] args){
//准备一个棋盘
Chessboard chessboard = new Chessboard();
chessboard.initChessboard();
//打印棋盘
chessboard.printChessboard();
//下一个黑子
chessboard.setChessboard(5,5,"○");
System.out.println();
//打印棋盘
chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println();
//获得棋盘对象中的棋盘数组并打印
String[][] chessboard2 = chessboard.getChessboard();
for(String[] x : chessboard2){
for(String y : x){
System.out.print(y);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
*/
}
Gobang.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Gobang{
//包含棋盘类Chessboard
private Chessboard chessboard;
private int posX;//落子横坐标
private int posY;//落子纵坐标
//空参构造函数
public Gobang(){}
//游戏入口
public static void main(String[] args){
Gobang gobang = new Gobang();
gobang.run();
}
//运行游戏
public void run(){
//游戏开始提示
System.out.println("**********游戏开始**********");
System.out.println("exit----->强行退出**********");
System.out.println("**********游戏开始**********");
System.out.println();
//准备棋盘
this.chessboard = new Chessboard();
this.chessboard.initChessboard();
this.chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("请按照x,y格式输入棋子坐标");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
while(scan.hasNextLine()){
//存储用户输入的字符串到input
String input = scan.nextLine();
//如果输入exit，强制退出游戏
if(input.equals("exit")){
System.out.println("您已经退出游戏");
break;
}
//输入不合法，重新输入
if(!isLegal(input)){
continue;
}
//输入合法，相应位置放上黑棋
if(!isFull()){
this.chessboard.setChessboard(this.posX,this.posY, Chessman.BLACK.getChessman());
}else{
//棋盘已经占满棋子，和棋
System.out.println("和棋了！是否再玩一盘？输入y重玩，输入其他退出游戏");
String isReplay = scan.nextLine();
//如果重玩，输入的是y
if(isReplay.equals("y")){
chessboard.initChessboard();
chessboard.printChessboard();
continue;
}else{
//如果输入的是非y，结束游戏
break;
}
}
//判断用户是否赢了
if(isWin(posX, posY, Chessman.BLACK.getChessman())){
this.chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("恭喜您赢了！是否再玩一盘？输入y重玩，输入其他退出游戏");
String isReplay = scan.nextLine();
//如果重玩，输入的是y
if(isReplay.equals("y")){
chessboard.initChessboard();
chessboard.printChessboard();
continue;
}else{
//如果输入的是非y，结束游戏
break;
}
}else{
//用户没有赢，机器就继续下棋，随机找一个空着的位置落子
int posMachineX = (int)(Math.random()*(this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE-1));
int posMachineY = (int)(Math.random()*(this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE-1));
//得到棋盘数组
String[][] chessboardArr = this.chessboard.getChessboard();
while(chessboardArr[posMachineX][posMachineY]!="┼"){
posMachineX = (int)(Math.random()*(this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE-1));
posMachineY = (int)(Math.random()*(this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE-1));
}
//如果棋盘还没有满的话
if(!isFull()){
this.chessboard.setChessboard(posMachineX ,posMachineY , Chessman.WHITE.getChessman());
}else{
//棋盘已经占满棋子，和棋
System.out.println("和棋了！是否再玩一盘？输入y重玩，输入其他退出游戏");
String isReplay = scan.nextLine();
//如果重玩，输入的是y
if(isReplay.equals("y")){
chessboard.initChessboard();
chessboard.printChessboard();
continue;
}else{
//如果输入的是非y，结束游戏
break;
}
}
//判断机器是否赢了
if(isWin(posX, posY, Chessman.WHITE.getChessman())){
this.chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("您输了！是否再玩一盘？(y/n)");
String isReplay = scan.nextLine();
if(isReplay.equals("y")){
chessboard.initChessboard();
chessboard.printChessboard();
continue;
}else{
//输入的是非y，退出游戏
break;
}
}
}
this.chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("请按照x,y格式输入棋子坐标");
}
}
//判断输入是否合法
public boolean isLegal(String input){
//要判断输入的格式是否是x,y格式
String[] posStrArr = input.split(",");
try{
this.posX = Integer.parseInt(posStrArr[0]) - 1;
this.posY = Integer.parseInt(posStrArr[1]) - 1;
}catch(Exception e){
//输入的数字格式不正确，导致用逗号劈开的字符串并不是数字
chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("请按照x,y的格式(注意范围1-15)输入： ");
return false;
}
//判断用户输入的坐标是否超过棋盘范围
if(this.posX < 0 || this.posX >= this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE ||
this.posY < 0 || this.posY >= this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE){
chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("输入坐标不在棋盘范围(1-15)内，请重新输入： ");
return false;
}
//判断输入的位置上是否已经有棋子
String[][] chessboard_tmp = this.chessboard.getChessboard();
if(!chessboard_tmp[this.posX][this.posY].equals("┼")){
chessboard.printChessboard();
System.out.println("这个位置上已经有棋子，请重新输入： ");
return false;
}
return true;
}
//判断输赢，传入的是当前落下的棋子，可根据颜色判断赢方
//思路：每行、每列、每斜着的棋子，拼接成串，看是否包含五个黑子或五个白子连着的情况
public boolean isWin(int posX, int posY, String chessman){
//五个棋子拼接成一字符串subString
String subString = "";
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
subString += chessman;
}
//获得当前对象chessboard的棋盘的二维数组
String[][] chessboard_tmp = this.chessboard.getChessboard();
//判断每一行和每一列是否有五子相邻的情况
for(int i = 0; i < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; i++){
//临时字符串，用于拼接每一行的串
String tmp_row = "";
//临时字符串，用于拼接每一列的串
String tmp_col = "";
for(int j = 0; j < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; j++){
tmp_row += chessboard_tmp[i][j];
tmp_col += chessboard_tmp[j][i];
}
if(tmp_row.contains(subString) || tmp_col.contains(subString)){
return true;
}
}
//判断起点是第一行的斜着的两个方向串是否有五子相邻的情况
for(int k = 0; k < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; k++){
//临时字符串，拼接起点是第一行的斜着的串
String tmp_left = "";//斜着左下
String tmp_right = "";//斜着右下
//斜着右下
for(int i = 0, j = k; i < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE && j < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; i++,j++){
tmp_left += chessboard_tmp[i][j];
}
//斜着左下
for(int i = 0, j = k; i < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE && j >= 0; i++,j--){
tmp_right += chessboard_tmp[i][j];
}
if(tmp_left.contains(subString) || tmp_right.contains(subString)){
return true;
}
}
//判断起点是最后一行的斜着的两个方向串是否有五子相邻的情况
for(int k = 0; k < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; k++){
//临时字符串，拼接起点是最后一行的斜着的串
String tmp_left = "";//斜着左上
String tmp_right = "";//斜着右上
//斜着右下
for(int i = this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE - 1, j = k; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--,j--){
tmp_left += chessboard_tmp[i][j];
}
//斜着左下
for(int i = this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE - 1, j=k; i >= 0 && j < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; i--,j++){
tmp_right += chessboard_tmp[i][j];
}
if(tmp_left.contains(subString) || tmp_right.contains(subString)){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//判断棋盘是否已经占满棋子
public boolean isFull(){
//得到棋盘数组
String[][] chessboardArr = this.chessboard.getChessboard();
//判断是否和棋
for(int i = 0; i < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < this.chessboard.CHESSBOARD_SIZE; j++){
if(chessboardArr[i][j].equals("┼")){
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
}
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