Java设计模式之建造者模式 附代码实现

建造者模式

一个复杂的构建与其表示相分离

对象内部属性本身相互依赖

与不可变对象配合使用

方式一  

public class BuilderTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        UserBuilder userBuilder = new DefaultUserBuilder();

        Director director = new Director(userBuilder);
        User user = director.makeUser("1", "小明", "18", "男");
        System.out.println(user);

        //只需要重构建造者就行
        UserBuilder userBuilder1 = new VipUserBuilder();
        
    }
}

interface UserBuilder {

    void buildId(String id);

    void buildName(String name);

    void buildAge(String age);

    void buildGender(String gender);

    User build();
}

/**
 * 默认建造者
 */
class DefaultUserBuilder implements UserBuilder {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private String gender;

    @Override
    public void buildId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public void buildName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void buildAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public void buildGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public User build() {
        return new User(id, name, age, gender);
    }
}

/**
 * VIP建造者
 */
class VipUserBuilder implements UserBuilder {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private String gender;

    @Override
    public void buildId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public void buildName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void buildAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public void buildGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public User build() {
        return new User(id, name, age, gender);
    }
}


class Director {

    private UserBuilder userBuilder;

    public Director(UserBuilder userBuilder) {
        this.userBuilder = userBuilder;
    }

    public User makeUser(String id, String name, String age, String gender) {
        userBuilder.buildId(id);
        userBuilder.buildName(name);
        userBuilder.buildAge(age);
        userBuilder.buildGender(gender);
        return userBuilder.build();
    }
}

class User {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private String gender;

    public User(String id, String name, String age, String gender) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

方式二

public class BuilderPattern {
    private final String id;
    private final String name;
    private final String param1;
    private final String param2;

    public BuilderPattern(String id, String name, String param1, String param2) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.param1 = param1;
        this.param2 = param2;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getParam1() {
        return param1;
    }

    public String getParam2() {
        return param2;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BuilderPattern{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", param1='" + param1 + '\'' +
                ", param2='" + param2 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    interface Builder {
        Builder buildId(String id);

        Builder buildName(String name);

        Builder buildParam1(String param1);

        Builder buildParam2(String param2);

        BuilderPattern build();
    }

    /**
     * 默认建造者
     */
    static class DefaultBuilder implements Builder {

        private String id;
        private String name;
        private String param1;
        private String param2;

        @Override
        public Builder buildId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Builder buildName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Builder buildParam1(String param1) {
            this.param1 = param1;
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Builder buildParam2(String param2) {
            this.param2 = param2;
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BuilderPattern build() {
            return new BuilderPattern(this.id, this.name, this.param1, this.param2);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 自定义建造者（拓展）
     */
    static class CustomBuilder implements Builder {

        private String id;
        private String name;
        private String param1;
        private String param2;

        @Override
        public Builder buildId(String id) {
            this.id = id + "Custom";
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Builder buildName(String name) {
            this.name = name + "Custom";
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Builder buildParam1(String param1) {
            this.param1 = param1 + "Custom";
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Builder buildParam2(String param2) {
            this.param2 = param2 + "Custom";
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BuilderPattern build() {
            return new BuilderPattern(this.id, this.name, this.param1, this.param2);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Builder defaultBuilder = new DefaultBuilder();
        defaultBuilder.buildId("123");
        defaultBuilder.buildName("小明");
        defaultBuilder.buildParam1("aaa");
        defaultBuilder.buildParam2("bbb");
        BuilderPattern builderPattern = defaultBuilder.build();
        System.out.println(builderPattern);

        Builder defaultBuilder2 = new CustomBuilder();
        defaultBuilder2.buildId("456");
        defaultBuilder2.buildName("小黑");
        defaultBuilder2.buildParam1("ccc");
        defaultBuilder2.buildParam2("dddd");
        BuilderPattern builderPattern2 = defaultBuilder2.build();
        System.out.println(builderPattern2);
    }
}