最小解发现
给定下述Rosenbrock函数,fx=(a-x1)2+b(x2-x12)**2 ,其中 x=(x1,x2) 属于R,a,b 属于R 。试编写程序完成下述工作:
1)a,b 取值不同
为不同的a,b取值,绘制该函数的3D表面。请问 a,b取值对该表面形状有大的影响吗?,所谓大影响就是形状不再相似。对a,b的取值区间,能否大致给出一个分类,像下面这样给出一张表:
数值 | 0,5 | -5,0 | 0 |
---|---|---|---|
a1,a2 | 开口向上 | 开口向下 | 开口向下 |
a3,a4 | 开口向上 | 开口向下 | 开口向下 |
2) 编写一个算法来找到它的全局最小值及相应的最小解,并在3D图中标出。分析一下你的算法时空效率、给出运行时间。
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import time
%matplotlib inline
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
class Rosenbrock():
def __init__(self,a,b):
self.x1 = np.arange(-100, 100, 0.0001)
self.x2 = np.arange(-100, 100, 0.0001)
#self.x1, self.x2 = np.meshgrid(self.x1, self.x2)
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.newton_times = 1000
self.answers = []
self.min_answer_z = []
# 准备数据
def data(self):
z = np.square(self.a - self.x1) + self.b * np.square(self.x2 - np.square(self.x1))
#print(z.shape)
return z
# 随机牛顿
def snt(self,x1,x2,z,alpha):
rand_init = np.random.randint(0,z.shape[0])
x1_init,x2_init,z_init = x1[rand_init],x2[rand_init],z[rand_init]
x_0 =np.array([x1_init,x2_init]).reshape((-1,1))
#print(x_0)
for i in range(self.newton_times):
x_i = x_0 - np.matmul(np.linalg.inv(np.array([[12*x2_init**2-4*x2_init+2,-4*x1_init],[-4*x1_init,2]])),np.array([4*x1_init**3-4*x1_init*x2_init+2*x1_init-2,-2*x1_init**2+2*x2_init]).reshape((-1,1)))
x_0 = x_i
x1_init = x_0[0,0]
x2_init = x_0[1,0]
answer = x_0
return answer
# 绘图
def plot_data(self,min_x1,min_x2,min_z):
x1 = np.arange(-100, 100, 0.1)
x2 = np.arange(-100, 100, 0.1)
x1, x2 = np.meshgrid(x1, x2)
a = 1
b = 1
z = np.square(a - x1) + b * np.square(x2 - np.square(x1))
fig4 = plt.figure()
ax4 = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax4.plot_surface(x1, x2, z, alpha=0.3, cmap='winter') # 生成表面, alpha 用于控制透明度
ax4.contour(x1, x2, z, zdir='z', offset=-3, cmap="rainbow") # 生成z方向投影,投到x-y平面
ax4.contour(x1, x2, z, zdir='x', offset=-6, cmap="rainbow") # 生成x方向投影,投到y-z平面
ax4.contour(x1, x2, z, zdir='y', offset=6, cmap="rainbow") # 生成y方向投影,投到x-z平面
ax4.contourf(x1, x2, z, zdir='y', offset=6, cmap="rainbow") # 生成y方向投影填充,投到x-z平面,contourf()函数
ax4.scatter(min_x1,min_x2,min_z,c='r')
# 设定显示范围
ax4.set_xlabel('X')
ax4.set_ylabel('Y')
ax4.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
# 开始
def start(self):
# times = int(input("请输入需要随机优化的次数:"))
# alpha = float(input("请输入随机优化的步长"))
times =100
alpha = 0.3
z = self.data()
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(times):
answer = self.snt(self.x1,self.x2,z,alpha)
self.answers.append(answer)
min_answer = np.array(self.answers)
for i in range(times):
self.min_answer_z.append((1-min_answer[i,0,0])**2+(min_answer[i,1,0]-min_answer[i,0,0]**2)**2)
optimal_z = np.min(np.array(self.min_answer_z))
optimal_z_index = np.argmin(np.array(self.min_answer_z))
optimal_x1,optimal_x2 = min_answer[optimal_z_index,0,0],min_answer[optimal_z_index,1,0]
end_time = time.time()
running_time = end_time-start_time
print(f"a={a},b={b}")
print("优化的时间:%.2f秒!" % running_time)
self.plot_data(optimal_x1,optimal_x2,optimal_z)
if __name__ == '__main__':
for a in range (-5,6,1):
for b in range(-1,6,1):
snt = Rosenbrock(a,b)
snt.start()