Centos8 部署 Jupyter Notebook

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于 2022-10-10 17:13:30 发布

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分类专栏： OS/Network 文章标签： jupyter linux 服务器 python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cg_i/article/details/127248297

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作者：高玉涵

时间：2022-10-10

环境：Linux centos8 5.13.6-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jul 27 09:43:50 EDT 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

前言

Jupyter（https://jupyter.org）项目是一个非营利性开源项目，于 2014 年由 IPython 项目中诞生，它能支持所有编程语言的交互式数据科学和科学计算。它的特点是能够在网页上直接执行编写的代码，同时支持动态交互，在做数据可视化时尤其方便。

为了能随时随地调试稍纵即失的灵感代码，我专门在网上购买了一台云主机并部署了 Jupyter Notebook 。有了它我甚至可在手机上做一些有意思的实验。下面我将此次部署过程分享出来，希望对有类式需求的朋友有所帮助。

一、环境调查

1.1 系统当前安装的全部软件包

[root@centos8 ~]# yum grouplist
Last metadata expiration check: 1:37:08 ago on Mon 10 Oct 2022 01:50:05 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
   Server with GUI
   Minimal Install
   Workstation
   Custom Operating System
   Virtualization Host
Installed Environment Groups:
   Server
Installed Groups:
   Container Management
   Development Tools
   Headless Management
Available Groups:
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   .NET Core Development
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Network Servers
   RPM Development Tools
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Tools

1.2 PYTHON 版本

[root@centos8 ~]# python3
Python 3.6.8 (default, Sep 10 2021, 09:13:53) 
[GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-3)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

二、安装

2.1 第一次尝试

开始时，想着这台云主机就我一个人使用，根据经验也为了省事就以 root 用户执行安装命令，没想到事与愿违，期间摔了不大不小的坑（下面的操作如未注明，均在 root 用户下操作）。

 pip install jupyter -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

注：由于 pip 命令中存储库文件的服务器在境外，有时候会比较慢，可以在命令后增加-i 参数，使用国内的镜像源，这里的 https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 使用的是清华大学的镜像源。

2.2 报错：Running pip as the ‘root’ …

WARNING: Running pip as the ‘root’ user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

原因：根据警告提示以 root 用户运行 pip 可能会导致权限破坏和与系统包管理器的行为冲突。建议使用虚拟环境: 虚拟环境。

2.3 创建虚拟环境并再次安装

cd /data
mkdir jupyter
cd jupyter
python3 -m venv jupyter-env
source jupyter-env/bin/activate
pip install jupyter -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
(...提示需需更新 pip)
(jupyter-env) [root@centos8 jupyter]# pip install --upgrade pip
Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
Collecting pip
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 9.0.3
    Uninstalling pip-9.0.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-9.0.3
Successfully installed pip-21.3.1
You are using pip version 21.3.1, however version 22.2.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
(jupyter-env) [root@centos8 jupyter]# pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./jupyter-env/lib/python3.6/site-package
s (21.3.1)
pip install jupyter -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
(...成功...)

三、配置

3.1 生成默认配置文件

jupyter notebook --generate-config
Writing default config to: /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

3.2 生成登录密码文本

如果不配置登录密码，将难以登录和使用。

(jupyter-env) [root@centos8 jupyter]# python
Python 3.6.8 (default, Sep 10 2021, 09:13:53) 
[GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-3)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from notebook.auth import passwd
>>> passwd()
Enter password: 
Verify password: 
'系统生成的密文，保存下来，后面将用到。'
>>>

3.3 编辑默认配置文件

vim ~/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

c.NotebookApp.ip='*' #设置所有 ip 皆可访问
c.NotebookApp.password = 'xxxxxxx......' # 复制刚才生成的那个密文'
c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False # 禁止自动打开浏览器
c.NotebookApp.port = 8888 # 指定你授权防火墙通的的端口

四、启动

4.1 第一次尝试

jupyter-env) [root@centos8 jupyter]# jupyter-notebook
[I 11:09:54.365 NotebookApp] Writing notebook server cookie secret to /root/.local/share/jupyter/runtime/notebook_cookie_secret
[W 11:09:54.645 NotebookApp] WARNING: The notebook server is listening on all IP addresses and not using encryption. This is not recommended.
[C 11:09:54.646 NotebookApp] Running as root is not recommended. Use --allow-root to bypass.

报错：Running as root is not recommended…

Running as root is not recommended. Use --allow-root to bypass.（不建议以root用户运行。使用——allow-root来绕过。）

当看到这条提示后，考虑到服务要挂在网上，为了安全起见，决定单独为 jupyter 创建一个普通用户。

4.2 创建用户并指定工作目录

useradd jupyter
usermod -d /data/jupyter jupyter
chown jupyter:jupyter jupyter
passwd jupyter

4.3 再次启动服务

启动前，将先前 3.1 生成默认配置文件小节以 root 用户生成和修改后的配置文件移到 jupyter 用户目录下并修改它的权限。

mv .jupyter /data/jupyter
cd /data
chown -R jupyter:jupyter .jupyter

再次启动。

su - jupyter(切换用户)
source jupyter-env/bin/activate(切换虚拟环境)
jupyter-notebook
(jupyter-env) [jupyter@centos8 ~]$ jupyter-notebook
[W 12:05:24.237 NotebookApp] WARNING: The notebook server is listening on all IP addresses and not using encryption. This is not recommended.
[I 12:05:24.239 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: /data/jupyter
[I 12:05:24.239 NotebookApp] Jupyter Notebook 6.4.10 is running at:
[I 12:05:24.239 NotebookApp] http://centos8:8888/
[I 12:05:24.240 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
^C[I 12:05:34.474 NotebookApp] interrupted
Serving notebooks from local directory: /data/jupyter
0 active kernels
Jupyter Notebook 6.4.10 is running at:
http://centos8:8888/
Shutdown this notebook server (y/[n])? y
[C 12:05:35.748 NotebookApp] Shutdown confirmed
[I 12:05:35.748 NotebookApp] Shutting down 0 kernels
[I 12:05:35.749 NotebookApp] Shutting down 0 terminals

或者后台启动。

nohup jupyter-notebook &

至此，jupyter notebook 部署完成并成功的启动了服务（界面如下）。

在这里插入图片描述

五、扩展部分

5.1 LINUX 查看后台任务

jobs
[1]+  Running                 jupyter-notebook &

5.2 jupyter 切换到前台并关闭服务

(jupyter-env) [jupyter@centos8 ~]$ fg 
jupyter-notebook
^C[I 12:09:50.031 NotebookApp] interrupted
Serving notebooks from local directory: /data/jupyter
0 active kernels
Jupyter Notebook 6.4.10 is running at:
http://centos8:8888/
Shutdown this notebook server (y/[n])? y
[C 12:09:50.804 NotebookApp] Shutdown confirmed
[I 12:09:50.805 NotebookApp] Shutting down 0 kernels
[I 12:09:50.806 NotebookApp] Shutting down 0 terminals

5.3 编写的 jupyter.sh

为了启动 jupyter 时少输入些字符，在用户工作目录下创建了 bin/ 目录用于存放 jupyter.sh 脚本文件，内容也很简单启动时，重定向了标准输出和错误，并以后台方式启动服务。

#!/bin/bash
DAY=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`

jupyter-notebook >>~/log/jupyter_${DAY}.log 2>>~/log/jupyter_${DAY}.err &

5.4 指定 jupyter 工作目录

为进一步增加安全，通过 WEB 访问 jupyter 时，将用户限制在特定目录下。在用户目录下创建 jupyter-work/ 目录并修改以下配置。

vi .jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py
c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir = 'jupyter-work/'

5.5 jupyter 用户的 .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export LC_ALL PATH

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Centos8 部署 Jupyter Notebook

Jupyter（https://jupyter.org）项目是一个非营利性开源项目，于 2014 年由 IPython 项目中诞生，它能支持所有编程语言的交互式数据科学和科学计算。它的特点是能够在网页上直接执行编写的代码，同时支持动态交互，在做数据可视化时尤其方便。为了能随时随地调试稍纵即失的灵感代码，我专门在网上购买了一台云主机并部署了 Jupyter Notebook。有了它我甚至可在手机上做一些有意思的实验。下面我将此次部署过程分享出来，希望对有类式需求的朋友有所帮助。
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