node.js基础(http、url、querystring、events、fs、stream)

 遵循commonJs规范，与ES6模块不同（export 、 import）

导出：module.exports = test 或者exports.test = test  module.exports = { test }(导出多个)

导入：const test = require('./test')

常用内置模块：

http模块

const http = require('http');

// 创建本地服务器来从其接收数据
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
  res.end(JSON.stringify({
    data: 'Hello World!'
  }));
});

server.listen(8000);

返回jsonp数据

const http = require('http')
const url = require('url')

const app = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  let urlObj = url.parse(req.url, true)

  switch (urlObj.pathname) {
    case '/api/user':
      res.end(`${urlObj.query.cb}({"name": "gp145"})`)
      break
    default:
      res.end('404.')
      break
  }
})

app.listen(8080, () => {
  console.log('localhost:8080')
})

cors跨域

const http = require('http')
const url = require('url')
const querystring = require('querystring')

const app = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  let data = ''
  let urlObj = url.parse(req.url, true)

  res.writeHead(200, {
    'content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
    'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'//设置允许跨域
  })

  req.on('data', (chunk) => {
    data += chunk
  })

  req.on('end', () => {
    responseResult(querystring.parse(data))
  })

  function responseResult(data) {
    switch (urlObj.pathname) {
      case '/api/login':
        res.end(JSON.stringify({
          message: data
        }))
        break
      default:
        res.end('404.')
        break
    }
  }
})

app.listen(8080, () => {
  console.log('localhost:8080')
})

模拟get请求 

var http = require('http')
var https = require('https')

// 1、接口 2、跨域
const server = http.createServer((request, response) => {
  var url = request.url.substr(1)
  var data = ''

  response.writeHeader(200, {
    'content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
    'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'
  })

  https.get(`https://m.lagou.com/listmore.json${url}`, (res) => {

    res.on('data', (chunk) => {
      data += chunk
    })

    res.on('end', () => {
      response.end(JSON.stringify({
        ret: true,
        data
      }))
    })
  })

})

server.listen(8080, () => {
  console.log('localhost:8080')
})

模拟post请求 

const https = require('https')
const querystring = require('querystring')

const postData = querystring.stringify({
  province: '上海',
  city: '上海',
  district: '宝山区',
  address: '同济支路199号智慧七立方3号楼2-4层',
  latitude: 43.0,
  longitude: 160.0,
  message: '求购一条小鱼',
  contact: '13666666',
  type: 'sell',
  time: 1571217561
})

const options = {
  protocol: 'https:',
  hostname: 'ik9hkddr.qcloud.la',
  method: 'POST',
  port: 443,
  path: '/index.php/trade/add_item',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(postData)
  }
}

function doPost() {
  let data

  let req = https.request(options, (res) => {
    res.on('data', chunk => data += chunk)
    res.on('end', () => {
      console.log(data)
    })
  })

  req.write(postData)
  req.end()
}

爬虫

const https = require('https')
const http = require('http')
const cheerio = require('cheerio')

http.createServer((request, response) => {
  response.writeHead(200, {
    'content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'
  })

  const options = {
    // protocol: 'https:',
    hostname: 'i.maoyan.com',
    port: 443,
    path: '/',
    method: 'GET'
  }

  const req = https.request(options, (res) => {
    let data = ''
    res.on('data', (chunk) => {
      data += chunk
    })

    res.on('end', () => {
      filterData(data)
    })
  })

  function filterData(data) {
    //   console.log(data)
    let $ = cheerio.load(data)//解析html页面
    let $movieList = $('.column.content')//拿到对应class名下的文字，类似query使用
    console.log($movieList)
    let movies = []
    $movieList.each((index, value) => {
      movies.push({
        title: $(value).find('.movie-title .title').text(),
        detail: $(value).find('.detail .actor').text(),
      })
    })

    response.end(JSON.stringify(movies))
  }

  req.end()
}).listen(3000)

URL模块

url.parse

const url = require('url')
const urlString = 'https://www.baidu.com:443/ad/index.html?id=8&name=mouse#tag=110'
const parsedStr = url.parse(urlString)
console.log(parsedStr)
//输出
Url {
  protocol: 'https:',
  slashes: true,
  auth: null,
  host: 'www.baidu.com:443',
  port: '443',
  hostname: 'www.baidu.com',
  hash: '#tag=110',
  search: '?id=8&name=mouse',
  query: 'id=8&name=mouse',
  pathname: '/ad/index.html',
  path: '/ad/index.html?id=8&name=mouse',
  href: 'https://www.baidu.com:443/ad/index.html?id=8&name=mouse#tag=110'
}

url.format

console.log(url.format(parsedStr))
//输出
https://www.baidu.com:443/ad/index.html?id=8&name=mouse#tag=110

url.resolve

resolve('/one/two/three', 'four');         // '/one/two/four'
resolve('http://example.com/', '/one');    // 'http://example.com/one'
resolve('http://example.com/one', '/two'); // 'http://example.com/two'

new URL

const myURL = new URL('/foo', 'https://example.org/');
console.log(myURL)
//输出
URL {
  href: 'https://example.org/foo',
  origin: 'https://example.org',
  protocol: 'https:',
  username: '',
  password: '',
  host: 'example.org',
  hostname: 'example.org',
  port: '',
  pathname: '/foo',
  search: '',
  searchParams: URLSearchParams {},
  hash: ''
}

querystring模块

parse 拼接字符串参数转成对象，stringify 对象拼接成字符串

var querystring = require("querystring")
var str = "name=chen&age=18&location=wuhan"
var obj = querystring.parse(str)
console.log(obj)
//[Object: null prototype] {
  name: 'chen',
  age: '18',
  location: 'wuhan'      
}

var myobj = {
    a:1,
    b:2,
    c:3
}
var mystr = querystring.stringify(myobj)
console.log(mystr)
//a=1&b=2&c=3

var str1 = 'id=3&city=北京&url=https://www.baidu.com'
var escaped = querystring.escape(str1)
console.log(escaped)
//id%3D3%26city%3D%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%26url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com

var escape1 = "id%3D3%26city%3D%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%26url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com"
var str2 = querystring.unescape(escape1)
console.log(str2)
//id=3&city=北京&url=https://www.baidu.com

escape 参数转码，unescape 参数解码

var str1 = 'id=3&city=北京&url=https://www.baidu.com'
var escaped = querystring.escape(str1)
console.log(escaped)
//id%3D3%26city%3D%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%26url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com

var escape1 = "id%3D3%26city%3D%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%26url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com"
var str2 = querystring.unescape(escape1)
console.log(str2)
//id=3&city=北京&url=https://www.baidu.com

events模块

const EventEmitter = require('events')

class MyEventEmitter extends EventEmitter {}

const event = new MyEventEmitter()

event.on('play', (movie) => {
  console.log(movie)
})

event.emit('play', '我和我的祖国')
event.emit('play', '中国机长')

fs文件操作模块

const fs = require('fs')

// 创建文件夹
fs.mkdir('./logs', (err) => {
  console.log('done.')
})

// 文件夹改名
fs.rename('./logs', './log', () => {
  console.log('done')
})

// 删除文件夹
fs.rmdir('./log', () => {
  console.log('done.')
})

// 写内容到文件里
fs.writeFile(
  './logs/log1.txt',
  'hello',
  // 错误优先的回调函数
  (err) => {
    if (err) {
      console.log(err.message)
    } else {
      console.log('文件创建成功')
    }
  }
)

// 给文件追加内容
fs.appendFile('./logs/log1.txt', '\nworld', () => {
  console.log('done.')
})

// 读取文件内容
fs.readFile('./logs/log1.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
  console.log(data)
})

// 删除文件
fs.unlink('./logs/log1.txt', (err) => {
  console.log('done.')
})

// 批量写文件
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  fs.writeFile(`./logs/log-${i}.txt`, `log-${i}`, (err) => {
    console.log('done.')
  })
}

// 读取文件/目录信息
fs.readdir('./', (err, data) => {
  data.forEach((value, index) => {
    fs.stat(`./${value}`, (err, stats) => {
      // console.log(value + ':' + stats.size)
      console.log(value + ' is ' + (stats.isDirectory() ? 'directory' : 'file'))
    })
  })
})

// 同步读取文件
try {
  const content = fs.readFileSync('./logs/log-1.txt', 'utf-8')
  console.log(content)
  console.log(0)
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.message)
}

// 异步读取文件：方法一
fs.readFile('./logs/log-0.txt', 'utf-8', (err, content) => {
  console.log(content)
  console.log(0)
})
console.log(1)

// 异步读取文件：方法二
const fs = require("fs").promises
fs.readFile('./logs/log-0.txt', 'utf-8').then(result => {
  console.log(result)
})

stream流模块

var fs = require('fs');

// 打开一个流:
var rs = fs.createReadStream('sample.txt', 'utf-8');

rs.on('data', function (chunk) {
    console.log('DATA:')
    console.log(chunk);
});

rs.on('end', function () {
    console.log('END');
});

rs.on('error', function (err) {
    console.log('ERROR: ' + err);
});

var fs = require('fs');

var ws1 = fs.createWriteStream('output1.txt', 'utf-8');
ws1.write('使用Stream写入文本数据...\n');
ws1.write('END.');
ws1.end();

const fs = require('fs')

const readstream = fs.createReadStream('./1.txt')
const writestream = fs.createWriteStream('./2.txt')

readstream.pipe(writestream)

pipe 就像可以把两个水管串成一个更长的水管一样，两个流也可以串起来。一个Readable流和一个Writable流串起来后，所有的数据自动从Readable流进入Writable流，这种操作叫pipe。

zlib模块

const fs = require('fs')
const zlib = require('zlib')

const gzip = zlib.createGzip()

const readstream = fs.createReadStream('./note.txt')
const writestream = fs.createWriteStream('./note2.txt')

readstream
  .pipe(gzip)
  .pipe(writestream)

crypto模块

const crypto = require('crypto');

const hash = crypto.createHash('md5');

// 可任意多次调用update():
hash.update('Hello, world!');
hash.update('Hello, nodejs!');

console.log(hash.digest('hex'));

const crypto = require('crypto');

const hmac = crypto.createHmac('sha256', 'secret-key');

hmac.update('Hello, world!');
hmac.update('Hello, nodejs!');

console.log(hmac.digest('hex'));