java组合模式

模式定义

组合模式允许你将对象组合成树形结构来表现“整体/部分”层次结构。组合能让客户以一致的方式处理个别对象以及对象组合

UML类图

例

package composite;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * Component
 * 
 * @author chenhong
 * 
 * */
public abstract class MenuComponent {

	public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public String getName() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public String getDexcription() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public double getPrice() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public void print() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public Iterator iterator() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
}

package composite;

/**
 * leaf
 * 
 * @author chenhong
 * 
 * */
public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent {

	String name;
	String description;
	double price;

	public MenuItem(String name, String description, double price) {
		this.name = name;
		this.description = description;
		this.price = price;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void print() {
		System.out.print(" " + getName());
		System.out.println("," + getPrice());
		System.out.println("   ---" + getDescription());
	}
}

package composite;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * Composite
 * 
 * @author chenhong
 * */
public class Menu extends MenuComponent {
	ArrayList menuComponents = new ArrayList();
	String name;
	String description;

	public Menu(String name, String description) {
		this.name = name;
		this.description = description;
	}

	public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		menuComponents.add(menuComponent);
	}

	public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		menuComponents.remove(menuComponent);
	}

	public MenuComponent getChile(int i) {
		return (MenuComponent) menuComponents.get(i);
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public void print() {
		System.out.print("\n" + getName());
		System.out.println("," + getDescription());
		System.out.println("-------------------");

		Iterator iterator = menuComponents.iterator();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			MenuComponent menuComponent = (MenuComponent) iterator.next();
			menuComponent.print();
		}

	}

	public Iterator iterator() {
		return menuComponents.iterator();
	}

}

package composite;

/**
 * client
 * 
 * @author chenhong
 * */
public class Waitress {

	MenuComponent allMenus;

	public Waitress(MenuComponent allMenus) {
		this.allMenus = allMenus;
	}

	public void printMenu() {
		allMenus.print();
	}
}

package composite;

public class MenuTestDrive {

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		MenuComponent pancakeHouseMenu = new Menu("早餐厅菜单", "Breakfast");
		MenuComponent dinnerMenu = new Menu("晚餐厅菜单", "dinner");
		MenuComponent cafeMenu = new Menu("咖啡厅菜单", "Dinner");
		MenuComponent dessertMenu = new Menu("甜品菜单", "Dessert");

		MenuComponent allMenus = new Menu("所有菜单", "All menus");
		allMenus.add(pancakeHouseMenu);
		allMenus.add(dinnerMenu);
		allMenus.add(cafeMenu);

		dinnerMenu.add(new MenuItem("鸡蛋炒饭", "鸡蛋＋饭", 3.89));
		dinnerMenu.add(dessertMenu);

		dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem("草莓派", "草莓＋面粉", 1.59));

		/* 此处加入更多菜单 */

		Waitress waitress = new Waitress(allMenus);
		waitress.printMenu();
	}
}

模式总结

1. 组合模式让我们能用树形方式创建对象的结构，树里面包含了组合以及个别的对象

2. 使用组合结构，我们能把相同的操作应用在组合和个别对象上。换句话说，在大多数情况下，我们可以忽略对象组合和个别对象之间的差别。