poj 3398 Perfect Service

Description

A network is composed of N computers connected by N − 1 communication
links such that any two computers can be communicated via a unique
route. Two computers are said to be adjacent if there is a
communication link between them. The neighbors of a computer is the
set of computers which are adjacent to it. In order to quickly access
and retrieve large amounts of information, we need to select some
computers acting as servers to provide resources to their neighbors.
Note that a server can serve all its neighbors. A set of servers in
the network forms a perfect service if every client (non-server) is
served by exactly one server. The problem is to find a minimum number
of servers which forms a perfect service, and we call this number
perfect service number.

We assume that N (≤ 10000) is a positive integer and these N computers
are numbered from 1 to N. For example, Figure 1 illustrates a network
comprised of six computers, where black nodes represent servers and
white nodes represent clients. In Figure 1(a), servers 3 and 5 do not
form a perfect service because client 4 is adjacent to both servers 3
and 5 and thus it is served by two servers which contradicts the
assumption. Conversely, servers 3 and 4 form a perfect service as
shown in Figure 1(b). This set also has the minimum cardinality.
Therefore, the perfect service number of this example equals two.

Your task is to write a program to compute the perfect service number.

Input

The input consists of a number of test cases. The format of each test
case is as follows: The first line contains one positive integer, N,
which represents the number of computers in the network. The next N −
1 lines contain all of the communication links and one line for each
link. Each line is represented by two positive integers separated by a
single space. Finally, a 0 at the (N + 1)th line indicates the end of
the first test case.

The next test case starts after the previous ending symbol 0. A −1
indicates the end of the whole inputs.

Output

The output contains one line for each test case. Each line contains a
positive integer, which is the perfect service number.

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【分析】
见代码

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【代码】

//uva 1218
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#define ll long long
#define M(a) memset(a,0,sizeof a)
#define fo(i,j,k) for(i=j;i<=k;i++)
using namespace std;
vector <int> f[10005];
int dp[10005][5],n;
inline void dfs(int u,int fa)
{
    dp[u][0]=1;dp[u][1]=0;dp[u][2]=10005;
    for(int i=0;i<f[u].size();i++)
    {
        int v=f[u][i];
        if(v==fa) continue;
        dfs(v,u);
        dp[u][0]+=min(dp[v][0],dp[v][1]);
        dp[u][1]+=dp[v][2];
    }
    for(int i=0;i<f[u].size();i++)
    {
        int v=f[u][i];
        if(v==fa) continue;
        dp[u][2]=min(dp[u][2],dp[u][1]-dp[v][2]+dp[v][0]);
    }
}
int main()
{
    int i,j,u,v;
    while(scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        if(n==0) continue;
        if(n==-1) return 0;
        fo(i,1,n) f[i].clear();
        M(dp);
        fo(i,2,n)
        {
            scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
            f[u].push_back(v);
            f[v].push_back(u);
        }
        dfs(1,0);
        printf("%d\n",min(dp[1][0],dp[1][2]));
    }
//1、dp[u][0]：u是服务器，每个子结点可以是也可以不是。
//2、dp[u][1]：u不是服务器，但u的父亲是，u的子结点都不是服务器。
//3、dp[u][2]：u和u的父亲都不是服务器，u的子结点恰有一个是服务器。
}