python与R画柱形图

python画柱形图：

• 基本图形
  向上向下分别生成12个数据，X为 0 到 11 的整数 ，Y是相应的均匀分布的随机数据。 使用的函数是plt.bar，参数为X和Y：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
Y2 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)

plt.bar(X, +Y1)
plt.bar(X, -Y2)

plt.xlim(-.5, n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)
plt.yticks(())

plt.show()

• 更改颜色和数据

用facecolor设置主体颜色，edgecolor设置边框颜色为白色，

plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='white')

plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='white')

用函数plt.text分别在柱体上方（下方）加上数值，用%.2f保留两位小数，横向居中对齐ha=’center’，纵向底部（顶部）对齐va=’bottom’：

for x, y in zip(X, Y1):

    # ha: horizontal alignment

    # va: vertical alignment

    plt.text(x + 0.4, y + 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')



for x, y in zip(X, Y2):

    # ha: horizontal alignment

    # va: vertical alignment

    plt.text(x + 0.4, -y - 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='top')

完整代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Dec 19 15:39:49 2017

@author: elenawang
"""

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np



n = 12

X = np.arange(n)

Y1 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)

Y2 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)



plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='white')

plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='white')


for x, y in zip(X, Y1):

    # ha: horizontal alignment

    # va: vertical alignment

    plt.text(x + 0.4, y + 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')



for x, y in zip(X, Y2):

    # ha: horizontal alignment

    # va: vertical alignment

    plt.text(x + 0.4, -y - 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='top')



plt.xlim(-.5, n)

plt.xticks(())

plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)

plt.yticks(())



plt.show()

R柱形图

> num=seq(1,10)
> x1=round(runif(10,min=70,max=100))
> x2=round(rnorm(10,mean=80,sd=7))
> data=data.frame(num,x1,x2)
barplot(x2,names.arg = num,col='red')

水平，添加horiz=T
barplot(x2,names.arg = num,col='red',horiz=T)

彩色

barplot(as.matrix(data[,2:3]),beside=T,legend=num,col=heat.colors(5),border='white')

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用R画直方图hist()
箱线图boxplot()
不在此赘述