设计模式（十一）————状态模式（State Pattern）

定义：允许一个对象在其内部状态发生改变时改变他的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。（类的行为是基于它的状态改变的，使用状态模式可以有效解决代码中if-else和switch的case太多的问题，使代码更容易维护）

UML类图：

C++实现：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Context;
class IState
{
public:
	virtual void doAction(Context*) = 0;
	virtual string toString() = 0;
	virtual ~IState() {}
};
class Context
{
public:
	IState* state;
	Context();
	IState* getState();
	void setState(IState* state);
	~Context() {}
};

class StartState :public IState
{
public:
	virtual void doAction(Context* context);
	virtual string toString();
	virtual ~StartState() {}
};

class StopState :public IState
{
public:
	virtual void doAction(Context* context);
	virtual string toString();
	virtual ~StopState() {}
};


//实现

Context::Context()
{
	state = 0;
}
IState* Context::getState()
{
	return state;
}
void Context::setState(IState* state)
{
	this->state = state;
}

void StartState::doAction(Context* context)
{
	cout << "now is Start_State!" << endl;
	context->setState(this);
}
string StartState::toString()
{
	return "Strat State!";
}

void StopState::doAction(Context* context)
{
	cout << "now is Stop_State!" << endl;
	context->setState(this);
}
string StopState::toString()
{
	return "Stop State!";
}

int main()
{
	Context* context = new Context();
	IState* state;
	StartState* state1 = new StartState();
	StopState* state2 = new StopState();
	state1->doAction(context);
	cout << context->getState()->toString() << endl;

	state2->doAction(context);
	cout << context->getState()->toString() << endl;
	return 0;
}

C#实现：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{

    interface IState
    {
        void doAction(Context context);
        String toString();
    }
    class StartState : IState
    {
        public void doAction(Context context)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("now is Start State!");
            context.setState(this);
        }
        public String toString()
        {
            return "StrateState";
        }
    }
    class StopState : IState
    {
        public void doAction(Context context)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("now is Stop State!");
            context.setState(this);
        }
        public String toString()
        {
            return "StopState";
        }
    }
    class Context
    {
        private IState state;
        public Context()
        {
            state = null;
        }
        public void setState(IState state)
        {
            this.state = state;
        }
        public IState getState()
        {
            return state;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Context context = new Context();
            StartState startState = new StartState();
            startState.doAction(context);
            Console.WriteLine(context.getState().toString());

            StopState stopState = new StopState();
            stopState.doAction(context);
            Console.WriteLine(context.getState().toString());
            
        }
    }
}