目录
Bootstrap特点
1 优雅
2 灵活
3 可扩展
4 是前端工具集
Bootstrap模板下载
百度搜索 "Bootstrap 模板" 关键字
例如： http://sc.chinaz.com/tag_moban/bootstrap.html
什么是Bootstrap
简单、灵活的用于搭建WEB页面的HTML，CSS，JavaScript的工具集。它是基于HTML 5和CSS 3，它是简洁强大的前端开发框架。让Web开发更迅速，更简单。
案例
Bootstrap的历史
2011年，twitter的“一小撮”工程师为了提高他们内部的分析和管理能力，用业余时间为他们的产品构建了一套易用、优雅、灵活、可扩展的前端工具集--BootStrap。Bootstrap由MARK OTTO和Jacob Thornton所设计和建立，在github上开源之后，迅速成为该站上最多人watch&fork的项目。大量工程师踊跃为该项目贡献代码，社区惊人地活跃，代码版本进化非常快速，官方文档质量极其高(可以说是优雅)，同时涌现了许多基于Bootstrap建设的网站：界面清新、简洁;要素排版利落大方。
GitHub上介绍 bootstrap
- 简单灵活可用于架构流行的用户界面和交互接口的html、css、javascript工具集。
- 基于html5、css3的bootstrap，具有大量的诱人特性：友好的学习曲线，卓越的兼容性，响应式设计，12列格网，样式向导文档。
- 自定义JQuery插件，完整的类库，基于Less等。
前端三要素
HTML
JavaScipt
CSS
什么是CSS预处理器
用一种专门的编程语言，进行Web页面样式设计，再通过编译器转化为正常的CSS文件，以供项目使用。
常用的CSS预处理器有哪些？
- SASS：基于Ruby，通过服务端处理，功能强大。解析效率高。需要学习Ruby，上手难度高于LESS。
- LESS：基于NodeJS，通过客户端处理，使用简单。功能比SASS简单，解析效率也低于SASS，但在实际开发中足够了，所以后台人员如果需要的话，建议使用LESS。
原生JS开发
元素JS开发，也就是按照【ECMAScript】标准的开发方式，简称ES，特点是所有浏览器都支持。ES标准发布如下版本：
- ES3
- ES4：内部，未正式发布
- ES5：全浏览器支持
- ES6：常用，当前主流版本。webpack打包成ES5支持！
- ES7
- ES8
- ES9：草案阶段
UI框架
- Ant-design:阿里巴巴出品，基于react的UI框架。
- ElementUI、iView、ice：饿了么出品，基于Vue的UI框架。
- Bootstrap：Twitter推出的一个用于前端开发的开源工具包。
- AmazeUI：又叫“妹子UI”，一框HTML5跨屏前端框架。
JavaScript构建工具
- Babel：JS编译工具，主要用于浏览器不支持的ES新特性，比如用于编译TypeScript
- WebPack：模块打包器，主要作用是打包，压缩，合并及按序加载。
三端开发
混合开发（Hybrid App）
主要目的是实现一套代码三端统一（PC、Android：.apk、IOS：.ipa）并能够调用到设备底层硬件（如：传感器、GPS、摄像头等），打包主要有以下两种：
- 云打包：HBuild->HBuildx，DCloud出品；API Cloud
- 本地打包：Cordova（前身是PhoneGap）
微信小程序
详见微信官网，框架有WeUI。
代码
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<title>Theme Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body role="document">
<div class="container theme-showcase" role="main">
<!-- Main jumbotron for a primary marketing message or call to action -->
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
<p>This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.</p>
<p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" role="button">Learn more »</a></p>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>按钮</h1>
</div>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-default">Default</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-link">Link</button>
</p>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
</p>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default">Default</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-link">Link</button>
</p>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default">Default</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-link">Link</button>
</p>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>表格</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Larry</td>
<td>the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Larry</td>
<td>the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@TwBootstrap</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<table class="table table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Thumbnails</h1>
</div>
<img data-src="holder.js/200x200" class="img-thumbnail" alt="200x200" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAwIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgZmlsbD0iI2VlZSIvPjx0ZXh0IHRleHQtYW5jaG9yPSJtaWRkbGUiIHg9IjEwMCIgeT0iMTAwIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojYWFhO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0OmJvbGQ7Zm9udC1zaXplOjEzcHg7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6QXJpYWwsSGVsdmV0aWNhLHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7ZG9taW5hbnQtYmFzZWxpbmU6Y2VudHJhbCI+MjAweDIwMDwvdGV4dD48L3N2Zz4=" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Labels</h1>
</div>
<h1>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</h1>
<h2>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</h2>
<h3>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</h3>
<h4>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</h4>
<h5>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</h5>
<h6>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</h6>
<p>
<span class="label label-default">Default</span>
<span class="label label-primary">Primary</span>
<span class="label label-success">Success</span>
<span class="label label-info">Info</span>
<span class="label label-warning">Warning</span>
<span class="label label-danger">Danger</span>
</p>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Badges</h1>
</div>
<p>
<a href="#">Inbox <span class="badge">42</span></a>
</p>
<ul class="nav nav-pills" role="tablist">
<li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#">Home <span class="badge">42</span></a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages <span class="badge">3</span></a></li>
</ul>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Navs</h1>
</div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">
<li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav nav-pills" role="tablist">
<li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Navbars</h1>
</div>
<div class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a>
</div>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a>
</div>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Alerts</h1>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
<strong>Well done!</strong> You successfully read this important alert message.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
<strong>Heads up!</strong> This alert needs your attention, but it's not super important.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
<strong>Warning!</strong> Best check yo self, you're not looking too good.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
<strong>Oh snap!</strong> Change a few things up and try submitting again.
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Progress bars</h1>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="60" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%;"><span class="sr-only">60% Complete</span></div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="40" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 40%"><span class="sr-only">40% Complete (success)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-info" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="20" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 20%"><span class="sr-only">20% Complete</span></div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-warning" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="60" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%"><span class="sr-only">60% Complete (warning)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="80" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 80%"><span class="sr-only">80% Complete (danger)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-striped" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="60" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%"><span class="sr-only">60% Complete</span></div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" style="width: 35%"><span class="sr-only">35% Complete (success)</span></div>
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-warning" style="width: 20%"><span class="sr-only">20% Complete (warning)</span></div>
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" style="width: 10%"><span class="sr-only">10% Complete (danger)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>List groups</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<ul class="list-group">
<li class="list-group-item">Cras justo odio</li>
<li class="list-group-item">Dapibus ac facilisis in</li>
<li class="list-group-item">Morbi leo risus</li>
<li class="list-group-item">Porta ac consectetur ac</li>
<li class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.col-sm-4 -->
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="list-group">
<a href="#" class="list-group-item active">
Cras justo odio
</a>
<a href="#" class="list-group-item">Dapibus ac facilisis in</a>
<a href="#" class="list-group-item">Morbi leo risus</a>
<a href="#" class="list-group-item">Porta ac consectetur ac</a>
<a href="#" class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</a>
</div>
</div><!-- /.col-sm-4 -->
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="list-group">
<a href="#" class="list-group-item active">
<h4 class="list-group-item-heading">List group item heading</h4>
<p class="list-group-item-text">Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.</p>
</a>
<a href="#" class="list-group-item">
<h4 class="list-group-item-heading">List group item heading</h4>
<p class="list-group-item-text">Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.</p>
</a>
<a href="#" class="list-group-item">
<h4 class="list-group-item-heading">List group item heading</h4>
<p class="list-group-item-text">Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div><!-- /.col-sm-4 -->
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Panels</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
Panel content
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
Panel content
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- /.col-sm-4 -->
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
Panel content
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-info">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
Panel content
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- /.col-sm-4 -->
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="panel panel-warning">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
Panel content
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-danger">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
Panel content
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- /.col-sm-4 -->
</div>
</div> <!-- /container -->
<!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>效果
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