类class

自动创建设备文件,可以让驱动自动创建设备文件,

不再使用 mknod /dev/myled c 250 0

一个struct class结构体类型变量对应一个类 ，内核同时提供了class_create(…)函数，可以用它来创建一个类，这个类存放于sysfs下面，一旦创建好了这个类，再调用 device_create(…)函数来在/dev目录下创建相应的设备节点。这样，加载模块的时候，用户空间中的udev会自动响应 device_create(…)函数，去/sysfs下寻找对应的类从而创建设备节点

1. 自动创建设备文件使用的设备模型中的class的机制

   类的定义: struct class

   需要头文件<linux/device.h>

   struct class * myclass

/**

 * struct class - device classes

 * @name: Name of the class.

 * @owner: The module owner.

 * @class_attrs: Default attributes of this class.

 * @dev_attrs: Default attributes of the devices belong to the class.

 * @dev_bin_attrs: Default binary attributes of the devices belong to the class.

 * @dev_kobj: The kobject that represents this class and links it into the hierarchy.

 * @dev_uevent: Called when a device is added, removed from this class, or a

 * few other things that generate uevents to add the environment

 * variables.

 * @devnode: Callback to provide the devtmpfs.

 * @class_release: Called to release this class.

 * @dev_release: Called to release the device.

 * @suspend: Used to put the device to sleep mode, usually to a low power

 * state.

 * @resume: Used to bring the device from the sleep mode.

 * @ns_type: Callbacks so sysfs can detemine namespaces.

 * @namespace: Namespace of the device belongs to this class.

 * @pm: The default device power management operations of this class.

 * @p: The private data of the driver core, no one other than the

 * driver core can touch this.

 *

 * A class is a higher-level view of a device that abstracts out low-level

 * implementation details. Drivers may see a SCSI disk or an ATA disk, but,

 * at the class level, they are all simply disks. Classes allow user space

 * to work with devices based on what they do, rather than how they are

 * connected or how they work.

 */

struct class {

 const char *name;

 struct module *owner;

 struct class_attribute *class_attrs;

 struct device_attribute *dev_attrs;

 struct bin_attribute *dev_bin_attrs;

 struct kobject *dev_kobj;

 int (*dev_uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);

 char *(*devnode)(struct device *dev, mode_t *mode);

 void (*class_release)(struct class *class);

 void (*dev_release)(struct device *dev);

 int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);

 int (*resume)(struct device *dev);

 const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ns_type;

 const void *(*namespace)(struct device *dev);

 const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

 struct subsys_private *p;

};

2. 类的创建 class_create

// 在/sys/class/ 下创建一个目录

struct class *class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name);

 owner : 这个类的指针 myclass

 name : 这个类的名称

3. 类的销毁 class_destroy

void class_destroy(struct class *cls);

cls : 是要销毁类的指针

 

4. 创建一个类设备 <==> mknod /dev/led c 250 0

在我们使用busybox 做的文件系统中,都有mdev,在/sbin/mdev udev的嵌入式版本

在使用这个函数创建了一个类设备时,会在shengli/led文件,会触发一个udev事件,mdev会把这个路径

下的led创建到/dev/led,相当与在/dev目录下创建设备文件 ,设备号是参数中的devno

/**

 * device_create - creates a device and registers it with sysfs

 * @class: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to

 * @parent: pointer to the parent struct device of this new device, if any

 * @devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added

 * @drvdata: the data to be added to the device for callbacks

 * @fmt: string for the device's name

 *

 * This function can be used by char device classes. A struct device

 * will be created in sysfs, registered to the specified class.

 *

 * A "dev" file will be created, showing the dev_t for the device, if

 * the dev_t is not 0,0.

 * If a pointer to a parent struct device is passed in, the newly created

 * struct device will be a child of that device in sysfs.

 * The pointer to the struct device will be returned from the call.

 * Any further sysfs files that might be required can be created using this

 * pointer.

 *

 * Returns &struct device pointer on success, or ERR_PTR() on error.

 *

 * Note: the struct class passed to this function must have previously

 * been created with a call to class_create().

 */

struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,

        dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)

class : struct class 的指针

parent : 父类的指针 没有的话 为空

devt : 设备号

drvdat : 为空

fmt : 这个类设备的名称 比如led

5. 类设备的销毁 <==> rm /dev/led

void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)

class : 要销毁类的指针

devt : 要销毁设备的设备号