NVIDIA GPU 服务器 - Ubuntu 16.04 挂载新硬盘
1. df -h
显示 Linux 系统上的文件系统磁盘使用情况统计。
famu@strongsys:~$ df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 6.3G 11M 6.3G 1% /run
/dev/sdd1 344G 46G 281G 14% /
tmpfs 32G 456K 32G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 6.3G 56K 6.3G 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc 1.8T 67G 1.7T 4% /media/famu/DISK_DATA
tmpfs 6.3G 4.0K 6.3G 1% /run/user/108
tmpfs 6.3G 52K 6.3G 1% /run/user/1001
famu@strongsys:~$
2. sudo fdisk -l
fdisk - Partition table manipulator for Linux
famu@strongsys:~$ fdisk -l
fdisk: 打不开 /dev/sda: 权限不够
fdisk: 打不开 /dev/sdb: 权限不够
fdisk: 打不开 /dev/sdc: 权限不够
fdisk: 打不开 /dev/sdd: 权限不够
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] famu 的密码:
Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 477 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1ef77e49
设备 启动 Start 末尾 扇区 Size Id 类型
/dev/sdd1 * 2048 731848703 731846656 349G 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2 731850750 1000214527 268363778 128G 5 扩展
/dev/sdd5 731850752 1000214527 268363776 128G 82 Linux 交换 / Solaris
famu@strongsys:~$
3. disk
鼠标点击两个齿轮的位置,可以选择格式化硬盘,可以为格式化硬盘设置一个标签 (DISK_DEEP / DISK_NORTH / DISK_DATA),同时也可以设置挂载选项。
4. sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
格式化硬盘。
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 976754646 4k blocks and 244195328 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5fd969d1-7ade-4e69-884c-dfff29f539f7
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
famu@strongsys:~$
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 976754646 4k blocks and 244195328 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 70fb4fa8-36a4-422c-8ae6-d5e1cbee95a8
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
famu@strongsys:~$
5. sudo blkid
查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID 等信息。
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda: UUID="5fd969d1-7ade-4e69-884c-dfff29f539f7" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb: UUID="70fb4fa8-36a4-422c-8ae6-d5e1cbee95a8" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc: LABEL="DISK_DATA" UUID="313f7b25-94f4-46ad-aac5-a8ff7da73918" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd1: UUID="53a5a063-1ea4-434d-ad98-6cdaefff158a" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="1ef77e49-01"
/dev/sdd5: UUID="ed619771-4748-4f5a-86a5-355c8c22a290" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="1ef77e49-05"
famu@strongsys:~$
sda 是第一个磁盘,sdb 是第二个磁盘,以此类推。
LABEL 磁盘的名字 (卷标)。
UUID 分区唯一的名称。
TYPE 磁盘的格式。
6. sudo e2label /dev/sda DISK_DEEP
设置第二扩展文件系统的卷标。
famu@strongsys:~$ e2label
用法: e2label device [新卷标]
famu@strongsys:~$
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] famu 的密码:
Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 477 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1ef77e49
设备 启动 Start 末尾 扇区 Size Id 类型
/dev/sdd1 * 2048 731848703 731846656 349G 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2 731850750 1000214527 268363778 128G 5 扩展
/dev/sdd5 731850752 1000214527 268363776 128G 82 Linux 交换 / Solaris
famu@strongsys:~$
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo e2label /dev/sda DISK_DEEP
famu@strongsys:~$
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo e2label /dev/sdb DISK_NORTH
famu@strongsys:~$
famu@strongsys:~$ blkid
famu@strongsys:~$
famu@strongsys:~$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda: LABEL="DISK_DEEP" UUID="5fd969d1-7ade-4e69-884c-dfff29f539f7" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb: LABEL="DISK_NORTH" UUID="70fb4fa8-36a4-422c-8ae6-d5e1cbee95a8" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc: LABEL="DISK_DATA" UUID="313f7b25-94f4-46ad-aac5-a8ff7da73918" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd1: UUID="53a5a063-1ea4-434d-ad98-6cdaefff158a" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="1ef77e49-01"
/dev/sdd5: UUID="ed619771-4748-4f5a-86a5-355c8c22a290" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="1ef77e49-05"
famu@strongsys:~$
7. 自动挂载
8. 修改硬盘对应的用户和权限
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ ll
总用量 20
drwxrwxrwx+ 5 root root 4096 1月 17 18:48 ./
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 10月 20 13:25 ../
drwxrwxrwx 15 famu famu 4096 12月 26 10:56 DISK_DATA/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_DEEP/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_NORTH/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/famu/DISK_DATA/
[sudo] famu 的密码:
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/famu/DISK_DEEP/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/famu/DISK_NORTH/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ ll
总用量 20
drwxrwxrwx+ 5 root root 4096 1月 17 18:48 ./
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 10月 20 13:25 ../
drwxrwxrwx 15 famu famu 4096 12月 26 10:56 DISK_DATA/
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_DEEP/
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_NORTH/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chown -R famu:famu /media/famu/DISK_DATA/
[sudo] famu 的密码:
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chown -R famu:famu /media/famu/DISK_DEEP/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chown -R famu:famu /media/famu/DISK_NORTH/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ ll
总用量 20
drwxrwxrwx+ 5 root root 4096 1月 17 19:05 ./
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 10月 20 13:25 ../
drwxrwxrwx 15 famu famu 4096 12月 26 10:56 DISK_DATA/
drwxrwxrwx 3 famu famu 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_DEEP/
drwxrwxrwx 3 famu famu 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_NORTH/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ reboot
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /media/famu/DISK_DEEP/
[sudo] famu 的密码:
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$ ll
总用量 20
drwxrwxrwx+ 5 root root 4096 1月 17 19:19 ./
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 10月 20 13:25 ../
drwxrwxrwx 15 famu famu 4096 12月 26 10:56 DISK_DATA/
drwxrwxrwx 3 nobody nogroup 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_DEEP/
drwxrwxrwx 3 famu famu 4096 1月 17 16:20 DISK_NORTH/
famu@strongsys:/media/famu$
上述挂载使用 root 方式,要将硬盘所在的用户和组改为当前用户。
修改 用户:用户组 和权限,系统重启后,会自动挂载为当前的用户,而不是 root 用户。
如果此步骤未进行,会导致硬盘挂载上后操作异常,需单独对硬盘进行权限修改。
sudo chown -R xxx:xxx /home/yongqiang/DISK_CODE
sudo chmod -R 777 /home/yongqiang/DISK_CODE