python栈——Stack的实现

实现一个栈的数据结构，含有：压栈、弹栈、取栈顶元素、判断栈是否为空、获取栈的元素个数

栈在实际生活中，应用也很多：子弹夹的子弹，箱子里放书，叠起来的碗等

思路：

1、栈是一个后进先出的线性表结构，可以用列表来实现

2、可以根据题目写出接口：push, pop, get, is_empty, get_size

3、栈类的初始化，除了列表，我们还可以加一个top，用来指向栈顶元素，初始值为-1,表示空栈

 

代码

class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []
        self.top = -1

    def push(self, value):
        self.stack.append(value)
        self.top += 1
        return value

    def pop(self):
        if self.top == -1:
            print("It is an empty stack")
            return None
        value = self.stack.pop()
        self.top -= 1
        return value

    def get(self):
        if self.top == -1:
            return None
        return self.stack[self.top]

    def is_empty(self):
        if self.top == -1:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def get_size(self):
        return self.top + 1

# 单元测试
import unittest
from DataStructureStackQueue.Stack import Stack


class StackTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.stack = Stack()

    def test_push(self):
        value = self.stack.push(10)
        self.assertEqual(value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(self.stack.top, 0)

    def test_pop1(self):
        self.stack.push(10)
        value = self.stack.pop()
        self.assertEqual(value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(self.stack.top, -1)

    def test_pop2(self):
        value = self.stack.pop()
        self.assertEqual(value, None)

    def test_get1(self):
        value = self.stack.get()
        self.assertEqual(value, None)

    def test_get2(self):
        self.stack.push(10)
        self.stack.push(20)

        value = self.stack.get()
        self.assertEqual(value, 20)
        self.assertEqual(self.stack.top, 1)

    def test_is_empty1(self):
        result = self.stack.is_empty()
        self.assertEqual(result, True)

    def test_is_empty2(self):
        self.stack.push(1)
        result = self.stack.is_empty()
        self.assertEqual(result, False)

    def test_get_size1(self):
        size = self.stack.get_size()
        self.assertEqual(size, 0)

    def test_get_size2(self):
        self.stack.push(1)
        self.stack.push(2)
        self.stack.push(3)

        size = self.stack.get_size()
        self.assertEqual(size, 3)


if __name__ == "main":
    unittest.main()