图片选择和拍照在开发过程中,会遇到不少坑:
1.版本4.4以后选择图片后不会返回绝对路径,但返回Uri,要再查询一次
2.去剪辑时,设置了true的话直接返回bitmap,可能会很占内存,有些机子会挂掉(OOM)或者不会返回
3.图片未更好的压缩,应该做到宽高比压缩后再质量压缩,下面例子可以把几MB的图片压缩到100kb左右
4.解决7.0版本文件访问问题
下面代码处理解决了上面的问题,是个小笔记,以后就不会再麻烦找“轮子”了。
1.在AndroidManifest添加FileProvider
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
2.在res文件夹下添加文件夹xml,再添加file_paths.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
<root-path
name="root"
path="" />
<!--<files-path-->
<!--name="files"-->
<!--path="" />-->
<!--<cache-path-->
<!--name="cache"-->
<!--path="" />-->
<!-- <external-path-->
<!--name="external"-->
<!--path="" />-->
<!--<external-path-->
<!--name="external"-->
<!--path="/apk" />-->
<external-path
name="external"
path="" />
<!--<external-files-path-->
<!--name="name"-->
<!--path="path" />-->
<!--<external-cache-path-->
<!--name="name"-->
<!--path="path" />-->
</paths>
<!--<root-path/> 代表设备的根目录new File("/");-->
<!--<files-path/> 代表context.getFilesDir()-->
<!--<cache-path/> 代表context.getCacheDir()-->
<!--<external-path/> 代表Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()-->
<!--<external-files-path>代表context.getExternalFilesDirs()-->
<!--<external-cache-path>代表getExternalCacheDirs()-->
3.使用:
调用SelectPicUtil.getByAlbum(Activity.this); 选择相册
调用SelectPicUtil.getByCamera(Activity.this);进行拍照
然后在onActivityResult进行设置返回:
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
Uri uri = SelectPicUtil.onActivityResult(this, requestCode, resultCode, data);
//下面是需求要裁剪的示例
// Uri uri = SelectPicUtil.onActivityResult(this, requestCode, resultCode, data,1,1, 500,500, true);
if (null != uri) { // 当不为空时获取到图片Uri
decodeUriBitmap(uri);
}
}
private void decodeUriBitmap(final Uri uri) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
String picturePath = SelectPicUtil.getImageAbsolutePath(OtherMsgActivity.this, uri);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(picturePath)) {
Bitmap bitmapSrc = SelectPicUtil.getImageThumbnail(picturePath, 1000, 1000); // 比例压缩图片
if (bitmapSrc != null) {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
bitmapSrc.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 80, baos); // 图片质量压缩80%
bitmapSrc.recycle();
byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
try {
if (null != baos) {
baos.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
// 对字节数组Base64编码
final String bitmap = Base64.encodeToString(bytes, Base64.DEFAULT);// 返回Base64编码过的字节数组字符串
upLoadPic(bitmap);
} else {
upLoadPic("");
}
} else {
upLoadPic("");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}).start();
}
4.工具类:
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import com.yingyou.demo.BuildConfig;
import java.io.File;
public class SelectPicUtil {
private static final String temp = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/temp.jpg";
public static final int GET_BY_ALBUM = 801;// 打开相册
public static final int GET_BY_CAMERA = 802;// 打开相机
public static final int CROP = 803;// 裁剪图片
public static void getByAlbum(Activity act) {
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK,
android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
act.startActivityForResult(intent, GET_BY_ALBUM);
} else {
Intent intentFromGallery = new Intent();
intentFromGallery.setType("image/*");
intentFromGallery.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
act.startActivityForResult(intentFromGallery, GET_BY_ALBUM);
}
}
public static void getByCamera(Activity act) {
getByCamera(act, temp, GET_BY_CAMERA);
}
// 给其他地方用
public static void getByCamera(Activity act, String path, int requestCode) {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
Uri uri = getUri(act, new File(path));
takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 1);
act.startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, requestCode);
} else {
ToastUtils.showText("请安装sd卡");
}
}
public static Uri onActivityResult(Activity act, int requestCode,
int resultCode, Intent data) {
return onActivityResult(act, requestCode, resultCode, data, 0, 0, 0, 0, false);
}
public static Uri onActivityResult(Activity act, int requestCode,
int resultCode, Intent data, int w, int h, int aspectX, int aspectY) {
return onActivityResult(act, requestCode, resultCode, data, w, h, aspectX, aspectY, true);
}
public static Uri onActivityResult(Activity act, int requestCode,
int resultCode, Intent data, int outputX, int outputY, int aspectX, int aspectY, boolean isCut) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
Uri uri = null;
switch (requestCode) {
case GET_BY_ALBUM:
if (isCut) {
if (null == data) return null;
String path = getImageAbsolutePath(act, data.getData());
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) return null;
uri = getUri(act, new File(path));
} else {
return data.getData();
}
break;
case GET_BY_CAMERA:
if (isCut) {
uri = getUri(act, new File(temp));
} else {
return Uri.parse(temp);
}
break;
case CROP:
// return getUri(act, new File(temp));
return Uri.fromFile(new File(temp));
}
if (isCut && null != uri) {
crop(act, uri, outputX, outputY, aspectX, aspectY);
return null;
}
}
return null;
}
public static void crop(Activity act, Uri uri, int outputX, int outputY, int aspectX, int aspectY) {
if (outputX == 0 && outputY == 0) {
outputX = outputY = 480;
}
if (aspectX == 0 && aspectY == 0) {
aspectX = aspectY = 1;
}
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
//对目标应用临时授权该Uri所代表的文件
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
intent.putExtra("aspectX", aspectX);
intent.putExtra("aspectY", aspectY);
intent.putExtra("outputX", outputX);
intent.putExtra("outputY", outputY);
// intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, getUri(act, new File(temp)));
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(temp)));
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", "JPEG");
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
act.startActivityForResult(intent, CROP);
}
public static String getImageAbsolutePath(Activity context, Uri uri) {
if (null == uri)
return null;
final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
String data = null;
if (scheme == null)
data = uri.getPath();
else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
data = uri.getPath();
} else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) {
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[]{MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA}, null,
null, null);
if (null != cursor) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int index = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA);
if (index > -1) {
data = cursor.getString(index);
}
}
cursor.close();
}
}
return data;
}
public static Uri getUri(Context context, File file) {
Uri fileUri;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
// BuildConfig 是工程包路径下的:如:com.yingyou.demo.BuildConfig
fileUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileprovider", file);
} else {
fileUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
}
return fileUri;
}
public static Bitmap getImageThumbnail(String imagePath, int width,
int height) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
// Options中有个属性inJustDecodeBounds。我们可以充分利用它,来避免大图片的溢出问题
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;// 设置为true可以不加载到内存,直接获取Bitmap宽高
// 获取这个图片的宽和高,注意此处的bitmap为null
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, options);
if (bitmap == null) {
// 计算缩放比
int h = options.outHeight;// 获取Bitmap的实际高度
int w = options.outWidth;// 获取Bitmap的实际宽度
int beWidth = w / width;
int beHeight = h / height;
int rate = 1;
if (beWidth < beHeight) {
rate = beWidth;
} else {
rate = beHeight;
}
if (rate <= 0) {// 图片实际大小小于缩略图,不缩放
rate = 1;
}
options.inSampleSize = rate;// rate就是压缩的比例
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
// 重新读入图片,读取缩放后的bitmap,注意这次要把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设为 false
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, options);// 获取压缩后的图片
}
return bitmap;
}
public static Bitmap getBitmapFormUri(Activity ac, Uri uri) {
InputStream input;
try {
input = ac.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
BitmapFactory.Options onlyBoundsOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
onlyBoundsOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
onlyBoundsOptions.inDither = true;// optional
onlyBoundsOptions.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;// optional
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(input, null, onlyBoundsOptions);
input.close();
int originalWidth = onlyBoundsOptions.outWidth;
int originalHeight = onlyBoundsOptions.outHeight;
if ((originalWidth == -1) || (originalHeight == -1))
return null;
// 图片分辨率以480x800为标准
float hh = 800f;// 这里设置高度为800f
float ww = 480f;// 这里设置宽度为480f
// 缩放比。由于是固定比例缩放,只用高或者宽其中一个数据进行计算即可
int be = 1;// be=1表示不缩放
if (originalWidth > originalHeight && originalWidth > ww) {// 如果宽度大的话根据宽度固定大小缩放
be = (int) (originalWidth / ww);
} else if (originalWidth < originalHeight && originalHeight > hh) {// 如果高度高的话根据宽度固定大小缩放
be = (int) (originalHeight / hh);
}
if (be <= 0)
be = 1;
// 比例压缩
BitmapFactory.Options bitmapOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
bitmapOptions.inSampleSize = be;// 设置缩放比例
bitmapOptions.inDither = true;// optional
bitmapOptions.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;// optional
input = ac.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(input, null,
bitmapOptions);
input.close();
return compressImage(bitmap);// 再进行质量压缩
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}