ImageLoader
代码来源于android艺术开发探索 12章,主要为了减少加载图片的资源损耗,利用了下面2个知识点
1 LruCache and DiskLruCache两个缓冲
其中LruCache相当于一级缓存 , DiskLruCache相当于二级缓存,从LruCache中读取图片的速度最快,接下来是 DiskLruCache ,最慢就是从web服务器获取 , 所以在第一次我们会把数据网上下载下来后缓存到Disk和Memory中,下次的读取速度就会很快,注意的是在主线上可以进行LruCache操作,但是不建议这样进行 , DiskLruCache操作只能在后台线程执行
2 bitmap sacle缩放减少内存消耗
下面分析代码
博主git源代码: https://git.oschina.net/qianlilo/ImageLoader_util.git
Bitmap缩放
#为什么要缩放哪? android给每个应用程序的内存是固定的 ,64M ,内存是宝贵的资源,
# 但是,一张图片长和宽都扩大到2倍,内存要扩大到4倍,但是由于人眼的限制或者显示器的限制,增加分辨率效果并不明显,所以我们要使用合适的分辨率
/**
* get bitmap from resourceId
* @param resId resource Id
* @param reqWidth require width
* @param reqHeight require height
* */
public Bitmap decodeSampleBitmapFromResource(Resources res,
int resId , int reqWidth , int reqHeight){
final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
//only get pic size , in this do not consume real data
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res , resId , options);
options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options , reqWidth , reqHeight);
//can get real data from pic
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res , resId , options);
}
/**
* calculate shrink resolution
* @return more than 1
* @param options pic info
* @param reqHeight require height
* @param reqWidth require width
* */
private int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
//judge argment
if(reqHeight == 0 || reqWidth == 0){
return 1;
}
final int height = options.outHeight;
final int width = options.outWidth;
Log.d(TAG, "origin pic { w = " +width + ", h = "+height+" } ");
int inSampleSize = 1;
if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
final int halfHeight = height / 2;
final int halfWidth = width / 2;
while ( (halfHeight/inSampleSize) >= reqHeight
&& (halfWidth/inSampleSize) >= reqWidth) {
inSampleSize *= 2;
}
}
return inSampleSize;
}
线程池的使用
#在这里使用线程池是因为每个图片都会去执行一个一次,开启多线程可以减少重复开启线程的资源开销
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
private static final int MAXNUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
private static final long KEEP_ALIVE = 10L;
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFacory = new ThreadFactory() {
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
@Override
public Thread newThread(@NonNull Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r , "ImageLoader#"+mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE , MAXNUM_POOL_SIZE , KEEP_ALIVE , TimeUnit.SECONDS ,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>() , sThreadFacory);
LruChache的使用
#由于lrucache是官方的,我们可以直接使用
#我们选取一个应用程序最大可以内存的1/8位缓存
int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024);
int cacheSize = maxMemory/8;
LruCache mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize){
@Override
#计算每张图片的大小 , 根据代码是这个意思
protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight() / 1024;
}
};
/**
* add bitmap to memory cache 缓存到内存
* */
private void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key,Bitmap bitmap){
if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
mMemoryCache.put(key , bitmap);
}
}
/**
* get bitmap from memory cache 从内存得到缓存
* */
private Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key){
return mMemoryCache.get(key);
}
#可以发现不管是存还是取都很简单 , 书的作者这里使用了URl通过MD5得到key
#个人观点觉得在这里是有信息熵没什么必要,本来的URL就是明文,关于加密简单使用可以看我的另一个博客
# [这里写链接内容](http://blog.csdn.net/chenqianleo/article/details/76736575%20java%20%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%86%B5%20%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86)
private String hashKeyFromUrl(String url){
String cacheKey;
try {
final MessageDigest mDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
mDigest.update(url.getBytes());
cacheKey = bytesToHexString(mDigest.digest());
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
cacheKey = String.valueOf(url.hashCode());
e.printStackTrace();
}
return cacheKey;
}
private String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int len = bytes.length;
for (int i=0;i<len;i++){
String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & bytes[i]);
if(hex.length() == 1){
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(hex);
}
return sb.toString();
}
DiskLruCache
#不是官方的,但是官方推荐这样使用,所以我们要直接拷贝一个DiskLruCache.java文件到项目,具体的可以上网或者下载源码来得到
DiskLruCache mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(diskCacheDir , 1 , 1 , DISKC_CACHE_SIZE);
#存 ,这里是先通过网络下载在缓存得到diskcache
private Bitmap loadBitmapFromHttp(String uri, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) throws IOException {
#在UI线程不可以使用网络耗时操作
if(Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()){
throw new RuntimeException("can not visit netWork from UI thread");
}
if(mDiskLruCache == null){
return null;
}
String key = hashKeyFromUrl(uri);
#开始存
DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskLruCache.edit(key);
if (editor != null) {
OutputStream outputStream = editor.newOutputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);
//这个函数是把url的内容存到outputstream中去
if (downloadUrlToStream(uri, outputStream)) {
editor.commit();
} else {
editor.abort();
}
mDiskLruCache.flush();
}
return loadBitmapFromDiskCache(uri , reqWidth , reqHeight);
}
#取
private Bitmap loadBitmapFromDiskCache(String uri, int reqWidth, int reqHeight)
throws IOException {
if(Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()){
Log.e(TAG, " load bitmap from UI thread, not recommended" );
}
if(mDiskLruCache == null){
return null;
}
Bitmap bitmap = null;
String key = hashKeyFromUrl(uri);
DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot = mDiskLruCache.get(key);
if(snapshot != null){
FileInputStream fileInputStream = (FileInputStream) snapshot.getInputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);
FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = fileInputStream.getFD();
#自己实现的,使用了上面介绍的缩放
bitmap = mImageResizer.decodeSampleBitmapFromFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor ,
reqWidth , reqHeight);
# 内存缓存中没有 , 缓存到内存中去
if(bitmap != null){
addBitmapToMemoryCache(key , bitmap);
}
}
return bitmap;
}
完整的代码实现了照片墙的功能,可以下载代码看完整demo