C#中的Task

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-17 17:33:17 发布

coder_chenwei

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-17 17:33:17 发布

阅读量2.8k

点赞数 2

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/chenweicode/article/details/91413736

版权

Task的优势

ThreadPool相比Thread来说具备了很多优势，但是ThreadPool存在一些使用上的不方便。比如： ThreadPool不支持线程的取消、完成、失败通知等交互性操作；ThreadPool不支持线程执行的先后顺序。以往，如果开发者要实现上述功能，需要完成很多额外的工作。现在，FCL（Framework Class Library）提供了一个功能更加强大的概念：Task。Task在ThreadPool的基础上进行了优化，并提供了更多的API。在FCL4.0中，通过Task编写多线程程序显然已经优于传统的方式。

Task的用法

无返回值的方式创建任务（参见下方代码）。
有返回值的方式创建任务（参见下方代码）。
有参数有返回值的方式创建任务（参见下方代码）。
Task实现的异步任务，通过async/await也可以实现（参见下方代码）。
组合任务（ContinueWith），ContinueWith可以使任务串行。
TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent可以使子任务附加到父任务中，这样在只有在子任务执行完成，父任务的ContinueWith才会执行。
task1.Wait()只能等待任务（task1）结束，并不会等到task1.ContinueWith()的结束。
可以通过CancellationTokenSource取消任务。
AggregateException表示“应用程序运行过程中发生的一个或多个错误”，如果try｛｝中有多个任务将发生异常，可以用AggregateException捕获。
Task.FromResult可用于创建指定结果、成功完成的Task。
通过Factory.FromAsync可以将委托转换为任务。
注意，当Task处于RanToCompeted,Cancel或者Faulted状态时，IsCompleted返回true。
判断一个Task是否完成，最简单的方法是if(task.Status == TaskStatus.RanToCompleted)
Task.Run跟Task.Factory.StartNew和new Task差不多，不同的是Task.Run等到线程池空闲后运行，另外两种是放进线程池立即执行。
Task.Run方法只接受无参的Action和Func委托，Task.Factory.StartNew和new Task接受一个object类型的参数。
通过参数指定为长时间运行的任务，将单独起线程执行，而不是用线程池里的线程。
使用wait时，如果被wait的任务出现异常，异常将会传到wait上，所以需要将wait放在try-catch(AggregateException)里，以便捕获异常。

参考资料：

https://www.cnblogs.com/scmail81/archive/2018/08/20/9508448.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/qiandi/p/4704255.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/dudu/archive/2018/10/24/task-yield.html（Task.Yield的用途）

https://www.cnblogs.com/yunfeifei/p/4122084.html（看一下“Task和线程池之间的抉择”就可以了）

https://www.cnblogs.com/zeroone/p/5246525.html（Task.Run VS Task.Factory.StratNew）

https://www.cnblogs.com/majiang/p/7908001.html（相关底层实现）

以下为本人调试时的代码（比较多）：

代码1：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Task的用法
{
    //简单示例
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task t = new Task(() =>
          {
              Console.WriteLine("任务开始工作 。 。 。");
              Thread.Sleep(5000);
          });
            t.Start();
            t.ContinueWith((task) =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("t.Id = " + t.Id + ",task.Id = " + task.Id);//task就是t
                Console.WriteLine("任务完成，完成时候的状态为：");
                Console.WriteLine("IsCanceled = " + task.IsCanceled + "," + "IsCompleted = " + task.IsCompleted + "," + "IsFaulted = " + task.IsFaulted + "," + "IsThreadPoolThread = " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            });

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

代码2：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 创建任务_无返回值
{
    //无返回值的方式创建任务
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1"));//方式1，任务的状态在start之前为Created，start之后为WaitingToRun
            var t2 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 2"));
            t2.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("t1在strat之前的状态为" + t1.Status);
            t1.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("t1在strat之后的状态为" + t1.Status);
            Task.WaitAll(t1,t2);
            var t3 = Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));//方式2
            Console.WriteLine("t3的状态为" + t3.Status);
            var t4 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 4"));//方式3
            Console.WriteLine("t4的状态为" + t4.Status);
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 5"),TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);//标记为长时间运行任务，则任务不会使用线程池，而在单独的线程中运行。

            #region 常规的使用方式
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行业务处理");

            //创建任务
            Task task = new Task(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("使用System.Threading.Tasks.Task执行异步操作");
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(i);
                }
            });

            //启动任务，并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务（System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler）
            task.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理");
            task.Wait();
            #endregion

            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(name + " is running on a thread id " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + " . Is threadPool thread : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        }
    }
}

代码3：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 通过async和await实现无返回值任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff" + " 主线程执行业务处理"));
            AsyncFunction();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 主线程执行其他处理");
            for (int i = 101; i <= 110; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Main : i = " + i);
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        async static void AsyncFunction()
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff"));
            await Task.Delay(100);
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 使用System.Threading.Tasks.Task执行异步操作");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " AsyncFunction : i = " + i);
            }
        }
    }
}

代码4：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 创建任务_带返回值
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TaskMethod("Main Thread Task");
            Task<int> task = CreateTask("Task 1");
            task.Start();
            int result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task 1 Result is " + result);

            task = CreateTask("Task 2");
            task.RunSynchronously();//该任务会运行在主线程中
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task 2 Result is " + result);

            task = CreateTask("Task 3");
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status.ToString());
            task.Start();

            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status.ToString());
                Thread.Sleep(50);
            }

            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status.ToString());
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task 3 Result is " + result);

            #region 常规使用方式
            //创建任务
            Task<int> getSumTask = new Task<int>(() => GetSum());

            //启动任务，并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            getSumTask.Start();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 主线程执行其他处理");

            //等待任务的完成执行过程
            getSumTask.Wait();

            //获得任务的执行结果
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 任务结果：" + getSumTask.Result);
            #endregion

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static int TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + name + " is running on a thread id : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + " , Is ThreadPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);

            Thread.Sleep(200);

            return 911;
        }

        static int GetSum()
        {
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 使用Task执行异步操作");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }

            return sum;
        }

        static Task<int> CreateTask(string name)
        {
            return new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod(name));
        }
    }
}

代码5：

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 通过async和await实现带返回值任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var ret = AsyncGetSum();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 主线程执行其他处理");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + i);
            }

            int result = ret.Result;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 任务执行结果：" + result);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        async static Task<int> AsyncGetSum()
        {
            await Task.Delay(500);
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 使用Task执行异步操作");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }
}

代码6：

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 创建任务_带参数_带返回值
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            object para = 911;
            Func<object, string> func = new Func<object, string>(TaskMethod);
            var task = new Task<string>(func,para);//para就是func的参数
            task.Start();
            Console.WriteLine(task.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static string TaskMethod(object num)
        {
            return "num = " + num;
        }
    }
}

代码7：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 通过async和await实现带返回值带参数的任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            object obj = "123456";
            var task = AsyncFunction(obj);

            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Main");

            string result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " AsyncFunction:" + result);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        async static Task<string> AsyncFunction(object obj)
        {
            await Task.Delay(500);

            return "obj = " + obj;
        }
    }
}

代码8：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 组合任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //创建一个任务
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() =>
            {
                int sum = 0;
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 使用Task执行异步操作");
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                {
                    sum += i;
                    Thread.Sleep(10);
                }
                return sum;
            });

            //启动任务，并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行（System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler）
            task.Start();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 主线程执行其他处理");

            //任务完成时执行处理
            Task task2 = task.ContinueWith((t) => 
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " *** task2 *** ");
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 任务完成后的执行结果：" + t.Result);
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " +++ task2 +++ ");
            });

            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " ==============================");

            task.Wait();
            task2.Wait();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

代码9：

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 串行任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //表示线程安全的后进先出（LIFO）集合
            ConcurrentStack<int> stack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            //t1串行
            var t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => 
            {
                stack.Push(1);
                stack.Push(2);
            });

            //t2，t3并行执行
            var t2 = t1.ContinueWith((t) => 
            {
                int result;
                stack.TryPop(out result);
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task t2 result = " + result + ", Thread Id : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });

            //t2，t3并行执行
            var t3 = t1.ContinueWith((t) =>
            {
                int result;
                stack.TryPop(out result);
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task t3 result = " + result + ", Thread Id : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });

            //等待t2和t3执行完
            Task.WaitAll(t2,t3);

            //t4串行执行
            var t4 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => 
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 当前集合元素个数：" + stack.Count + ", Thread Id : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });
            t4.Wait();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

代码10：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 子任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task<string[]> parentTask = new Task<string[]>(state =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + state);
                string[] result = new string[2];

                //创建并启动子任务
                new Task(() => 
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 子任务1");
                    result[0] = "我是子任务1";
                    Thread.Sleep(100);
                },TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();//此处的TaskCreationOptions.AttacedToParent可以使子任务附加到父任务，这样在parentTask.ContinueWith中的任务要等到子任务完成才能执行。

                new Task(() =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 子任务2");
                    result[1] = "我是子任务2";
                    Thread.Sleep(2000);
                },TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();

                return result;
            },"我是父任务，并在我的处理过程中创建多个子任务，所有子任务完成以后我才会执行。");

            //任务处理完成后执行的操作
            parentTask.ContinueWith((t) =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " ContinueWith start");
                Array.ForEach(t.Result, (r) =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(r);
                });

                Thread.Sleep(300);
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " ContinueWith end");
            });

            //启动父任务
            parentTask.Start();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " parentTask Start");

            //等待任务结束 Wait只能等待父线程结束，没办法等到父线程的ContinueWith结束
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " parentTask wait start");
            parentTask.Wait();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " parentTask wait end");

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

代码11：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 动态并行
{
    //动态并行(TaskCreationOptions.AttchedToParent)，父任务等待所有子任务完成后整个任务才算完成
    class Program
    {
        //遍历二叉树
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Node root = GetNode();
            DisPlayTree(root);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static Node GetNode()
        {
            Node root = new Node
            {
                Left = new Node
                {
                    Left = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "L-L"
                    },
                    Right = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "L-R"
                    },
                    Text = "L"
                },
                Right = new Node
                {
                    Left = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "R-L"
                    },
                    Right = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "R-R"
                    },
                    Text = "R"
                },
                Text = "Root"
            };

            return root;
        }

        static void DisPlayTree(Node root)
        {
            var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(root),CancellationToken.None,TaskCreationOptions.None,TaskScheduler.Default);
            task.Wait();
        }

        static void DisplayNode(Node current)
        {
            if (current.Left != null)
            {
                Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Left),CancellationToken.None,TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,TaskScheduler.Default);
            }

            if (current.Right != null)
            {
                Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Right),CancellationToken.None,TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,TaskScheduler.Default);
            }

            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 当前节点的值为：" + current.Text + ",处理的ThreadId = " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        }
    }

    class Node
    {
        public Node Left { get; set; }
        public Node Right { get; set; }
        public string Text { get; set; }
    }
}

代码12：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 取消任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            var longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 1",10,cts.Token),cts.Token);
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + longTask.Status);
            cts.Cancel();
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " First task has been cancelled before execution");

            cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 2",10,cts.Token),cts.Token);
            longTask.Start();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(500);
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + longTask.Status);
            }
            cts.Cancel();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(500);
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + longTask.Status);
            }

            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " A task has been Completed with result : " + longTask.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds, CancellationToken token)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + name + " is running on a thread id : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + ", Is ThreadPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);

            for (int i = 0; i < seconds; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
                    return -1;
                }
            }

            return 42 * seconds;
        }
    }
}

代码13：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 处理任务中的异常_单个任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 1", 2));
                int result = task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Result : " + result);
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task 1 Exception : " + ex.Message);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("=================================================");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + name + " is running on a threadID : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + ", Is ThreadPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(seconds * 1000);
            throw new Exception("Boom!");

            return 42 * seconds;
        }
    }
}

代码14：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 处理任务中的异常_多个任务
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                var t1 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 1", 3));
                var t2 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 2));

                t1.Start();
                t2.Start();

                Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
            }
            catch (AggregateException ex)//AggregateException表示应用程序执行过程中发生的一个或多个错误
            {
                //对此System.AggregateException所包含的每个System.Exception调用处理程序
                ex.Handle((exception) =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " exception.Message = " + exception.Message);
                    return true;
                });
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + name + " is running on ThreadId : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + ",Is ThreadPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(seconds * 1000);
            throw new Exception(name + " Boom!");
            return 42 * seconds;
        }
    }
}

代码15：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Task.FromResult的应用
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            System.Threading.Tasks.Task<string> task = GetValueFromCache("006");
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " 主程序继续执行");
            string result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " result = " + result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static IDictionary<string, string> cache = new Dictionary<string, string>()
        {
            { "001","A"},
            { "002","B"},
            { "003","C"},
            { "004","D"},
            { "005","E"},
            { "006","F"},
        };

        static Task<string> GetValueFromCache(string key)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " GetValueFromCache开始执行");
            string result = string.Empty;
            Thread.Sleep(5000);
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " GetValueFromCache继续执行");
            if (cache.TryGetValue(key, out result))
            {
                return System.Threading.Tasks.Task.FromResult(result);
            }

            return System.Threading.Tasks.Task.FromResult("null");
        }
    }
}

代码16：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Factory.FromAsync_带回调
{
    class Program
    {
        delegate string AsyncTask(string threadName);

        //执行的流程是 Test -> Callback -> task.ContinueWith
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AsyncTask d = Test;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Option 1");
            Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync(d.BeginInvoke("AsyncTaskThread",CallBack,"a delegate async call**************"),d.EndInvoke);
            task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " callback finished,result:" + t.Result));
            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static string Test(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Starting . . .");
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Is ThreadPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
            return "Thread name : " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name;
        }

        static void CallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Starting a callback . . .");
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " State passed to a callback : " + ar.AsyncState);
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Is ThreadPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Thread Pool worker thread id : " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        }

    }
}

代码17：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Factory.FromAsync_不带回调
{
    class Program
    {
        delegate string AsyncTask(string threadName);

        //执行流程是 Test -> task.ContinueWith
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AsyncTask d = Test;
            Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync(d.BeginInvoke,d.EndInvoke,"AsyncTaskThread","a delegate async call******************");
            task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Task is completed,now running a continuation,result:" + t.Result));
            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " " + task.Status);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static string Test(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Starting . . .");
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " Is ThreradPool : " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;

            return "Thread name = " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name;
        }
    }
}

代码18：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 判断任务是否完成
{
    //当Task处于RanToCompleted、Cancelled或者Faulted状态时，IsCompleted返回true。
    //判断一个Task是否完成，最简单的方法是if(task.Status == TaskStatus.TanToCompletion)
    class Program
    {
        static CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task task1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod1(),cts.Token);
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " task1.Status = " + task1.Status + " IsCompleted = " + task1.IsCompleted);


            //task1.Start();

            cts.CancelAfter(3000);

            while (true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " task1.Status = " + task1.Status + " IsCompleted = " + task1.IsCompleted);
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                if (cts.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " task1.Status = " + task1.Status + " IsCompleted = " + task1.IsCompleted);
                    break;
                }
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void TaskMethod1()
        {
            while (!cts.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " TaskMethod1 IsCancellationRequested = " + cts.IsCancellationRequested);
                Thread.Sleep(500);

                return;
            }

            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") + " TaskMethod1 IsCancellationRequested = " + cts.IsCancellationRequested);
        }
    }
}