C# Task简单介绍

Task

• Task是一个类
• 它封装一个可调用对象,并且可以异步执行

部分mehod

Wait	阻塞,直到等待Task执行完毕
Wait(1000)	阻塞等待1000ms,不论完毕与否

官方文档Task Class (System.Threading.Tasks) | Microsoft Learn

• 使用Task的样例demo

  • 声明一个委托
  • 并用不同的方式创建Task,然后执行

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        //创建一个委托,等待被执行
        Action<object> action = (object obj) =>
                                {
                                   Console.WriteLine("Task={0}, obj={1}, Thread={2}",
                                   Task.CurrentId, obj,
                                   Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                                };

        // Create a task but do not start it.
        Task t1 = new Task(action, "alpha");

        // Construct a started task
        Task t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(action, "beta");
        // Block the main thread to demonstrate that t2 is executing
        t2.Wait();

        // Launch t1 
        t1.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("t1 has been launched. (Main Thread={0})",
                          Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        // Wait for the task to finish.
        t1.Wait();

        // Construct a started task using Task.Run.
        String taskData = "delta";
        Task t3 = Task.Run( () => {Console.WriteLine("Task={0}, obj={1}, Thread={2}",
                                                     Task.CurrentId, taskData,
                                                      Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                                   });
        // Wait for the task to finish.
        t3.Wait();

        // Construct an unstarted task
        Task t4 = new Task(action, "gamma");
        // Run it synchronously
        t4.RunSynchronously();
        // Although the task was run synchronously, it is a good practice
        // to wait for it in the event exceptions were thrown by the task.
        t4.Wait();
    }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task=1, obj=beta, Thread=3
//       t1 has been launched. (Main Thread=1)
//       Task=2, obj=alpha, Thread=4
//       Task=3, obj=delta, Thread=3
//       Task=4, obj=gamma, Thread=1

• 使用async 关键字

  • 凡是async修饰的函数,都可被当作Task
  • await 等待一个Task执行完成

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static async Task Main()
   {
      await Task.Run( () => {
                                  // Just loop.
                                  int ctr = 0;
                                  for (ctr = 0; ctr <= 1000000; ctr++)
                                  {}
                                  Console.WriteLine("Finished {0} loop iterations",
                                                    ctr);
                               } );
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//        Finished 1000001 loop iterations

同样的操作,不同的方式

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Task t = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => {
                                  // Just loop.
                                  int ctr = 0;
                                  for (ctr = 0; ctr <= 1000000; ctr++)
                                  {}
                                  Console.WriteLine("Finished {0} loop iterations",
                                                    ctr);
                               } );
      t.Wait();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//        Finished 1000001 loop iterations

条件阻塞

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Wait on a single task with a timeout specified.
      Task taskA = Task.Run( () => Thread.Sleep(2000));
      try {
        taskA.Wait(1000);       // Wait for 1 second.
        bool completed = taskA.IsCompleted;
        Console.WriteLine("Task A completed: {0}, Status: {1}",
                         completed, taskA.Status);
        if (! completed)
           Console.WriteLine("Timed out before task A completed.");                 
       }
       catch (AggregateException) {
          Console.WriteLine("Exception in taskA.");
       }   
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//     Task A completed: False, Status: Running
//     Timed out before task A completed.