C++禁止拷贝/移动的类

熟悉c++的朋友都知道，类有两个构造函数，拷贝构造和移动构造。可是，在实际项目中，某些类可能希望禁止复制或移动，例如一个定义资源管理类，或者一个单例模式类。

怎么实现这样一个类呢？这篇文章将实现这样一个模板。方便您可以直接粘贴到你的项目中使用。

我们来定义一个禁止复制的类的模版：

class NonCopyable {
 public:
  NonCopyable() {}
  NonCopyable(NonCopyable &&) {}
  NonCopyable &operator=(NonCopyable &&) { return *this; }

 private:
  NonCopyable(const NonCopyable &) = delete;
  NonCopyable& operator=(const NonCopyable &) = delete;
};

我们来测试一下这个基类：

class csdn : NonCopyable {
};

int main() {
    csdn c1;
    csdn c2(c1);
    return 0;
}

g++ -o a -std=c++11 nocopy.cpp 编译一下得到这个结果：

nocopy.cpp: In function \u2018int main()\u2019:
nocopy.cpp:27:15: error: use of deleted function \u2018csdn::csdn(const csdn&)\u2019
   27 |     csdn c2(c1);
      |               ^
nocopy.cpp:22:7: note: \u2018csdn::csdn(const csdn&)\u2019 is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
   22 | class csdn : NonCopyable {
      |       ^~~~
nocopy.cpp:22:7: error: use of deleted function \u2018NonCopyable::NonCopyable(const NonCopyable&)\u2019
nocopy.cpp:8:3: note: declared here
    8 |   NonCopyable(const NonCopyable &) = delete;
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~

报错信息显示拷贝构造函数已经被删除了。无法编译成果。

下面我们来实现一个禁止移动的类：

class NonMovable {
 protected:
  NonMovable() {}
  ~NonMovable() {}

 private:
  NonMovable(NonMovable &&) = delete;
  NonMovable& operator=(NonMovable &&) = delete;
};

测试一下：

class csdn : NonMovable {
};

int main() {
    csdn c1;
    csdn c2 = std::move(c1);
    return 0;
}

nomovable.cpp: In function \u2018int main()\u2019:
nomovable.cpp:29:27: error: use of deleted function \u2018csdn::csdn(csdn&&)\u2019
   29 |     csdn c2 = std::move(c1);
      |                           ^
nomovable.cpp:24:7: note: \u2018csdn::csdn(csdn&&)\u2019 is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
   24 | class csdn : NonMovable {
      |       ^~~~
nomovable.cpp:24:7: error: use of deleted function \u2018NonMovable::NonMovable(NonMovable&&)\u2019
nomovable.cpp:20:3: note: declared here
   20 |   NonMovable(NonMovable &&) = delete;
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~

下面定义一个禁止复制和移动的类：

class NonCopyOrMovable {
 protected:
  NonCopyOrMovable() {}
  ~NonCopyOrMovable() {}

 private:
  NonCopyOrMovable(const NonCopyOrMovable &) = delete;
  NonCopyOrMovable(NonCopyOrMovable &&) = delete;
  NonCopyOrMovable& operator=(const NonCopyOrMovable &) = delete;
  NonCopyOrMovable& operator=(NonCopyOrMovable &&) = delete;
};