· 由于同一进程的多个线程共享同一块存储空间,在带来方便的同时,也带来了访问冲突问题,为了保证数据在方法中被访问时的正确性,在访问中加入锁机制(synchronized),当一个线程获得对象的排它锁,独占资源,其他线程必须等待,使用后释放锁即可。存在以下问题:
——1. 一个线程持有锁会导致其他所有需要此锁的线程挂起;
——2. 在多线程竞争下,加锁,释放锁会导致比较多的上下文切换 和 调度延时,引起性能问题;
——3. 如果一个优先级高的线程等待一个优先级低的线程释放锁,会导致优先级倒置,引起性能问题。
三个不安全案例:
一.不安全买票
代码演示:
//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"1").start();
new Thread(station,"2").start();
new Thread(station,"3").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums<=0){
flag = false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(1000);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
二.不安全取钱
代码演示:
//不安全取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnSafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account {
int money; //余额
String name; //卡名
public Account(int money, String name) { //alt + ins constructor
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account; //账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"余额不足");
return;
}
//sleep放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() = this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
三.不安全线程
代码演示:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnSafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}