tuple直译为元组,他是固定大小的异类值的汇集,通常如果我们要传的参数或函数返回值都是单类型的,如果实在要返回多类型的就会把它封装成类或结构点,比如坐标Point(x,y),而如果不用这种方式那么tuple就可以做到返回多个值的方式,下面介绍tuple的一些基本使用。
1.成员函数
(C++11) | 构造新的 tuple (公开成员函数) |
(C++11) | 赋值一个 tuple 的内容给另一个(公开成员函数) |
(C++11) | 交换两个 tuple 的内容(公开成员函数) |
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//1.构造函数
std::tuple<string, int, float> tup("Kuple", 35, 175.6);
cout << "name=========================" << get<0>(tup) << endl;
cout << "age==========================" << get<1>(tup) << endl;
cout << "height=======================" << get<2>(tup) << endl;
//2.赋值操作
std::tuple<string, int, float> tup2;
tup2 = tup;
cout << "name==========================" << get<0>(tup) << endl;
cout << "age===========================" << get<1>(tup) << endl;
cout << "height========================" << get<2>(tup) << endl;
cout << "name2=========================" << get<0>(tup2) << endl;
cout << "age2==========================" << get<1>(tup2) << endl;
cout << "height2=======================" << get<2>(tup2) << endl;
//3.交换函数
std::tuple<string, int, float> tup3("Camel", 32, 185.2);
cout << "name=== " << get<0>(tup) << " age=== " << get<1>(tup) << " height=== " << get<2>(tup)<< endl;
cout << "name3== " << get<0>(tup3) << " age3== " << get<1>(tup3) << " height3== " << get<2>(tup3)<< endl;
tup.swap(tup3);
cout << "tup.swap(tup3)========" << endl;
cout << "name=== " << get<0>(tup) << " age=== " << get<1>(tup) << " height=== " << get<2>(tup)<< endl;
cout << "name3== " << get<0>(tup3) << " age3== " << get<1>(tup3) << " height3== " << get<2>(tup3)<< endl;
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
2.非成员函数
创建一个 tuple 对象,其类型根据各实参类型定义(函数模板) | |
创建左值引用的 tuple ,或将 tuple 解包为独立对象(函数模板) | |
创建转发引用的 tuple (函数模板) | |
通过连接任意数量的元组来创建一个tuple (函数模板) | |
元组式访问指定的元素 (函数模板) |
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
// name, age, height
std::tuple<string, int, float> getStudent(int id)
{
if(id == 1001)
return std::make_tuple("scott", 25, 174.3);
if(id == 1002)
return std::make_tuple("camel", 26, 180.4);
if(id == 1003)
return std::make_tuple("tom", 28, 178.5);
throw std::invalid_argument("id");
}
// 打印任何大小 tuple 的帮助函数
template<class Tuple, std::size_t N>
struct TuplePrinter {
static void print(const Tuple& t)
{
TuplePrinter<Tuple, N-1>::print(t);
std::cout << ", " << std::get<N-1>(t);
}
};
template<class Tuple>
struct TuplePrinter<Tuple, 1> {
static void print(const Tuple& t)
{
std::cout << std::get<0>(t);
}
};
template<class... Args>
void print(const std::tuple<Args...>& t)
{
std::cout << "(";
TuplePrinter<decltype(t), sizeof...(Args)>::print(t);
std::cout << ")\n";
}
// 结束帮助函数
int main()
{
auto tup1 = getStudent(1001);
cout << "name1=== " << get<0>(tup1) << " age1=== " << get<1>(tup1) << " height1=== " << get<2>(tup1)<< endl;
auto tup2 = getStudent(1002);
cout << "name2=== " << get<0>(tup2) << " age2=== " << get<1>(tup2) << " height2=== " << get<2>(tup2)<< endl;
string name = "kuple";
float height = 167.8;
int age = 26;
cout << "name==== " << name << " age==== " << age << " height==== " << height<< endl;
std::tie(name, age, height) = tup1;
cout << "name==== " << name << " age==== " << age << " height==== " << height<< endl;
std::map<int, std::string> m;
m.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(10), std::forward_as_tuple(20, 'b'));
std::cout << "m[10]===" << m[10] << endl;
std::tuple<string, int, float> tup3("Blue", 25, 167.8);
int n = 7;
auto tup = std::tuple_cat(tup3, std::make_tuple("Foo", "bar"), tup3, std::tie(n));
n = 10;
print(tup);
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
参考: