tuple通用工具库学习

tuple直译为元组，他是固定大小的异类值的汇集，通常如果我们要传的参数或函数返回值都是单类型的，如果实在要返回多类型的就会把它封装成类或结构点，比如坐标Point(x,y)，而如果不用这种方式那么tuple就可以做到返回多个值的方式，下面介绍tuple的一些基本使用。

1.成员函数

(构造函数) (C++11)	构造新的 tuple (公开成员函数)
operator= (C++11)	赋值一个 tuple 的内容给另一个 (公开成员函数)
swap (C++11)	交换两个 tuple 的内容 (公开成员函数)

#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    //1.构造函数
    std::tuple<string, int, float> tup("Kuple", 35, 175.6);
    cout << "name=========================" << get<0>(tup) << endl;
    cout << "age==========================" << get<1>(tup) << endl;
    cout << "height=======================" << get<2>(tup) << endl;
    //2.赋值操作
    std::tuple<string, int, float> tup2;
    tup2 = tup;
    cout << "name==========================" << get<0>(tup) << endl;
    cout << "age===========================" << get<1>(tup) << endl;
    cout << "height========================" << get<2>(tup) << endl;
    cout << "name2=========================" << get<0>(tup2) << endl;
    cout << "age2==========================" << get<1>(tup2) << endl;
    cout << "height2=======================" << get<2>(tup2) << endl;
    //3.交换函数
    std::tuple<string, int, float> tup3("Camel", 32, 185.2);
    cout << "name=== " << get<0>(tup) << " age=== " << get<1>(tup) << " height=== " << get<2>(tup)<< endl;
    cout << "name3== " << get<0>(tup3) << " age3== " << get<1>(tup3) << " height3== " << get<2>(tup3)<< endl;
    tup.swap(tup3);
    cout << "tup.swap(tup3)========" << endl;
    cout << "name=== " << get<0>(tup) << " age=== " << get<1>(tup) << " height=== " << get<2>(tup)<< endl;
    cout << "name3== " << get<0>(tup3) << " age3== " << get<1>(tup3) << " height3== " << get<2>(tup3)<< endl;
    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

 2.非成员函数

make_tuple	创建一个 tuple 对象，其类型根据各实参类型定义 (函数模板)
tie	创建左值引用的 tuple，或将 tuple 解包为独立对象 (函数模板)
forward_as_tuple	创建转发引用的 tuple (函数模板)
tuple_cat	通过连接任意数量的元组来创建一个tuple (函数模板)
std::get(std::tuple)	元组式访问指定的元素 (函数模板)

#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <map>

using namespace std;
// name, age, height
std::tuple<string, int, float> getStudent(int id)
{
    if(id == 1001)
        return std::make_tuple("scott", 25, 174.3);
    if(id == 1002)
        return std::make_tuple("camel", 26, 180.4);
    if(id == 1003)
        return std::make_tuple("tom", 28, 178.5);
    throw std::invalid_argument("id");
}

// 打印任何大小 tuple 的帮助函数
template<class Tuple, std::size_t N>
struct TuplePrinter {
    static void print(const Tuple& t)
    {
        TuplePrinter<Tuple, N-1>::print(t);
        std::cout << ", " << std::get<N-1>(t);
    }
};

template<class Tuple>
struct TuplePrinter<Tuple, 1> {
    static void print(const Tuple& t)
    {
        std::cout << std::get<0>(t);
    }
};

template<class... Args>
void print(const std::tuple<Args...>& t)
{
    std::cout << "(";
    TuplePrinter<decltype(t), sizeof...(Args)>::print(t);
    std::cout << ")\n";
}
// 结束帮助函数

int main()
{
    auto tup1 = getStudent(1001);
    cout << "name1=== " << get<0>(tup1) << " age1=== " << get<1>(tup1) << " height1=== " << get<2>(tup1)<< endl;
    auto tup2 = getStudent(1002);
    cout << "name2=== " << get<0>(tup2) << " age2=== " << get<1>(tup2) << " height2=== " << get<2>(tup2)<< endl;

    string name = "kuple";
    float height = 167.8;
    int age = 26;
    cout << "name==== " << name << " age==== " << age << " height==== " << height<< endl;
    std::tie(name, age, height) = tup1;
    cout << "name==== " << name << " age==== " << age << " height==== " << height<< endl;

    std::map<int, std::string> m;
    m.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(10), std::forward_as_tuple(20, 'b'));
    std::cout << "m[10]===" << m[10] << endl;

    std::tuple<string, int, float> tup3("Blue", 25, 167.8);
    int n = 7;
    auto tup = std::tuple_cat(tup3, std::make_tuple("Foo", "bar"), tup3, std::tie(n));
    n = 10;
    print(tup);
    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

 

参考：

标准库头文件 <tuple> - cppreference.com