map学习之迭代器操作begin,cbegin,end,cend,rbegin,crbegin,rend,crend

本篇学习map的迭代器操作，map的迭代器有8个API，下面分别是它的作用。

begin cbegin (C++11)	返回指向起始的迭代器 (公开成员函数)
end cend (C++11)	返回指向末尾的迭代器 (公开成员函数)
rbegin crbegin (C++11)	返回指向起始的逆向迭代器 (公开成员函数)
rend crend (C++11)	返回指向末尾的逆向迭代器 (公开成员函数)

示例代码：

#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

void iteratorOperator()
{
    map<int, std::string> map1 = {
       {4, "apple" },
       {2, "pear"   },
       {3, "peach"   },
       {1, "apricot"}
    };
    cout << "map1.size = " << map1.size() << " map1.empty = " << map1.empty() << " map1.max_size = " << map1.max_size() << endl;
    cout << "map1的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: map1)
    {
        cout << val.first << ": " << val.second << endl;
    }

    //1.begin 返回指向起始的迭代器，可以通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::iterator iter1 = map1.begin();
    cout << "iter1.first = " << iter1->first << "\t iter1.second = " << iter1->second << endl;
    iter1->second = "grape";
    cout << "iter1.first = " << iter1->first << "\t iter1.second = " << iter1->second << endl;

    //2.cbegin 返回指向起始的常量迭代器，不能通过迭代器修改值
    map<int, string>::const_iterator iter2 = map1.cbegin();
    cout << "iter2.first = " << iter2->first << "\t iter2.second = " << iter2->second << endl;
    //iter2->second = "grape";//不可以修改值

    //3.end 返回指向末尾的迭代器，即最后一元素的下一个位置，可以通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::iterator iter3 = map1.end();
    --iter3;//指向最后一个元素
    cout << "iter3.first = " << iter3->first << "\t iter3.second = " << iter3->second << endl;
    iter3->second = "cherry";
    cout << "iter3.first = " << iter3->first << "\t iter3.second = " << iter3->second << endl;

    //4.cend 返回指向末尾的迭代器，即最后一元素的下一个位置，不能通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::const_iterator iter4 = map1.cend();
    --iter4;//指向最后一个元素
    cout << "iter4.first = " << iter4->first << "\t iter4.second = " << iter4->second << endl;
    //iter4->second = "plum"; //不可以修改值


    //5.rbegin 返回指向起始的逆向迭代器,即最后一个元素，可以通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::reverse_iterator iter5 = map1.rbegin();
    cout << "iter5.first = " << iter5->first << "\t iter5.second = " << iter5->second << endl;
    iter5->second = "strawberry";
    cout << "iter5.first = " << iter5->first << "\t iter5.second = " << iter5->second << endl;


    //6.crbegin 返回指向起始的逆向迭代器,即最后一个元素，不能通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::const_reverse_iterator iter6 = map1.crbegin();
    cout << "iter6.first = " << iter6->first << "\t iter6.second = " << iter6->second << endl;
    //iter6->second = "strawberry";//不可以修改值


//    std::map<int, string>::reverse_iterator rit;
//    for (rit = map1.rbegin(); rit != map1.rend(); ++rit)
//        std::cout << rit->first << " => " << rit->second << endl;

    //7.rend 返回指向末尾的逆向迭代器,即第一个元素的前一个位置，可以通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::reverse_iterator iter7 = map1.rend();
    --iter7;//指向第一个元素，   这里不能用++iter7
    cout << "iter7.first = " << iter7->first << "\t iter7.second = " << iter7->second << endl;
    iter7->second = "watermelon";
    cout << "iter7.first = " << iter7->first << "\t iter7.second = " << iter7->second << endl;

    //8.crend 返回指向末尾的逆向迭代器,即第一个元素的前一个位置，不能通过迭代器修改它的值
    map<int, string>::const_reverse_iterator iter8 = map1.crend();
    --iter8;//指向第一个元素，   这里不能用++iter8
    cout << "iter8.first = " << iter8->first << "\t iter8.second = " << iter8->second << endl;
    //iter8->second = "watermelon";//不可以修改值
}


int main()
{
    iteratorOperator();
    cout << "Hello, world!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

 

参考：

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/
https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/map