stdexcept错误处理库学习之

c++错误处理分为两类，一类是逻辑错误logic_error，另一类是运行时错误runtime_error，
它们都继承exception,,同时逻辑错误下面又有子类domain_error, invalid_argument, length_error, out_of_range，runtime_error子类有range_error,overflow_error,underflow_error.
它们的继承结构图如下

#include <iostream>         //std::cout, std::ios
#include <stdexcept>
#include <fstream>          //std::ifstream
#include <string>           //std::string
#include <vector>
#include <future>       // std::promise, std::future_error
#include <bitset>


using std::cout;
using std::ios;
using std::endl;
using std::ifstream;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::domain_error;


double getFloatArg(const char *arg)
{
    char *endptr;
    double x = strtod(arg, &endptr);
    if (endptr == arg)
    {
        cout << "Error processing argument: " << arg << endl;
        throw domain_error("bad argument");
    }
    return x;
}

int main()
{
    //1.domain_error
    try {
        char szOrbits[] = "asc.24 29.53";
        double dl;
        dl = getFloatArg(szOrbits);
        cout << "dl========= " << dl << endl;

    } catch (const std::domain_error &e) {
        const type_info &info = typeid(e);
        cout << "info===    name = " << typeid(info).name() << " raw_name = " << typeid(info).raw_name() << " hash_code = " << typeid(info).hash_code() << endl;
        cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;

        cout << endl;
    }

    //2.invalid_argument
    try {
        // bitset constructor throws an invalid_argument if initialized
        // with a string containing characters other than 0 and 1
        std::bitset<5> mybitset (std::string("01234"));
    }
    catch (const std::invalid_argument& ia) {
        std::cerr << "Invalid argument: " << ia.what() << '\n';
    }

    //3.length_error
    try {
        //vector throws a length_error if resized above max_size
        vector<int> myvector;
        myvector.resize(myvector.max_size()+1);
    }
    catch (const std::length_error& le) {
        std::cerr << "Length error: " << le.what() << '\n';
    }

    //4.out_of_range
    try {
        std::vector<int> myvector(10);
        myvector.at(20)=100;      // vector::at throws an out-of-range
    }
    catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
        std::cerr << "Out of Range error: " << oor.what() << '\n';
    }

    //5.future_error
    try {
        std::promise<int> prom;
        prom.get_future();
        prom.get_future();   // throws std::future_error
    }
    catch (std::future_error& e) {
        cout << "future_error caught Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
        cout << "future_error caught Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
        cout << "future_error caught Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
        cout << "future_error caught default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
        cout << "future_error caught bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
        cout << "future_error caught what: " << e.what() << endl;
    }

    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

 运行结果：

#include <iostream>         //std::cout, std::ios
#include <stdexcept>
#include <fstream>          //std::ifstream
#include <string>           //std::string
#include <bitset>

using std::cout;
using std::ios;
using std::endl;
using std::ifstream;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::domain_error;
using std::range_error;
using std::overflow_error;
using std::exception;
using std::bitset;


int main()
{
    ///runtime_error
    //1.range_error
    try
    {
        throw range_error("The range is in error!");
    }
    catch (const std::range_error& e)
    {
        std::cout << "Caught: " << e.what() << endl;
        std::cout << "Type: " << typeid(e).name() << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
    //2.overflow_error
    try
    {
        bitset<33> b;
        b[32] = 1;
        b[0] = 1;
        unsigned long x = b.to_ulong();
        cout << x << endl;
    }
    catch (const std::overflow_error& e)
    {
        cout << "Caught: " << e.what() << endl;
        cout << "Type: " << typeid(e).name() << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
    //3.underflow_error
    try
    {
        throw std::underflow_error("The number's a bit small, captain!");
    }
    catch (const std::underflow_error& e)
    {
        std::cerr << "Caught: " << e.what() << endl;
        std::cerr << "Type: " << typeid(e).name() << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
    //4.system_error
    ifstream is;
    is.exceptions(std::ios::failbit);
    try {
        is.open("unexistent.txt");
    } catch (const std::system_error &e) {
        cout << "Exception caught (system_error):" << endl;
        cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
        cout << "Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
        cout << "Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
        cout << "Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
        cout << "default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
        cout << "bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
        cout << endl;
    }

    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

<stdexcept> - C++ Reference

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/stdexcept
 

https://vimsky.com/examples/detail/cpp-ex---std-domain_error-method.html