wchar.h安全函数学习之wprintf_s，fwprintf_s，swprintf_s，_snwprintf_s，vwprintf_s，vfwprintf_s，vswprint_s

本篇介绍wchar.h头文件中的安全函数学习之wprintf_s，fwprintf_s，snwprintf_s，swprintf_s，vwprintf_s，vfwprintf_s，vswprint_s, _vsnwprintf_s。

实验环境window11, VS2022

wprintf / wprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

int main(void)
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    int ret = wprintf(L"床前明月光，疑似地上霜。");
    printf("ret = %d\n", ret);
    int ret2 = wprintf(L"无敌风火轮");
    printf("ret2 = %d\n", ret2);
    
    //wprintf_s example
    char   ch = 'h', * string = "computer";
    int    count = -9234;
    double fp = 251.7366;
    wchar_t wch = L'w', * wstring = L"Unicode";

    /* Display integers. */
    printf_s("Integer formats:\n"
        "   Decimal: %d  Justified: %.6d  Unsigned: %u\n",
        count, count, count);

    printf_s("Decimal %d as:\n   Hex: %Xh  C hex: 0x%x  Octal: %o\n",
        count, count, count, count);

    /* Display in different radixes. */
    printf_s("Digits 10 equal:\n   Hex: %i  Octal: %i  Decimal: %i\n",
        0x10, 010, 10);

    /* Display characters. */

    printf_s("Characters in field (1):\n%10c%5hc%5C%5lc\n", ch, ch, wch, wch);
    wprintf_s(L"Characters in field (2):\n%10C%5hc%5c%5lc\n", ch, ch, wch, wch);

    /* Display strings. */

    printf_s("Strings in field (1):\n%25s\n%25.4hs\n   %S%25.3ls\n",
        string, string, wstring, wstring);
    wprintf_s(L"Strings in field (2):\n%25S\n%25.4hs\n   %s%25.3ls\n",
        string, string, wstring, wstring);

    /* Display real numbers. */
    printf_s("Real numbers:\n   %f %.2f %e %E\n", fp, fp, fp, fp);

    /* Display pointer. */
    printf_s("\nAddress as:   %p\n", &count);
   

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/printf-printf-l-wprintf-wprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/printf-s-printf-s-l-wprintf-s-wprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

fwprintf / fwprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    wchar_t wStr[100];
    fwprintf(stdout, L"我的座右铭：\n");
    fgetws(wStr, 100, stdin);
    fwprintf(stdout, L"%ls", wStr);

    //fwprintf_s example
    FILE* stream;
    int    i = 10;
    double fp = 1.5;
    wchar_t fwps[] = L"this is a string";

    fopen_s(&stream, "fwprintf_s.out", "w");
    if (stream)
    {
        int ret = fwprintf_s(stream, L"%ls\n", fwps);
        printf("ret = %d\n", ret);
        ret = fwprintf_s(stream, L"%d\n", i);
        printf("ret = %d\n", ret);
        ret = fwprintf_s(stream, L"%f\n", fp);
        printf("ret = %d\n", ret);
        fclose(stream);
        system("type fwprintf_s.out");
    }
    
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_fwprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_fwprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/fprintf-fprintf-l-fwprintf-fwprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/fprintf-s-fprintf-s-l-fwprintf-s-fwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

swprintf / swprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    wchar_t wStr[16];
    swprintf(wStr, 12, L"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。");
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", wStr);

    //swprintf_s example
    wchar_t buf[100];
    int len = swprintf_s(buf, 100, L"%s", L"Hello world");
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", buf);
    printf("wrote %d characters\n", len);
    len = swprintf_s(buf, 100, L"%s", L"Hello\xffff world");
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", buf);
    // swprintf_s fails because string contains WEOF (\xffff)
    printf("wrote %d characters\n", len);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_swprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_swprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-sprintf-l-swprintf-swprintf-l-swprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-s-sprintf-s-l-swprintf-s-swprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

_snwprintf / _snwprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)
 

int main(void)
{
    wchar_t narrow_str[] = L"z\u00df\u6c34\U0001f34c";
    // 或 "zß水🍌"
    // 或 "\x7a\xc3\x9f\xe6\xb0\xb4\xf0\x9f\x8d\x8c";
    wchar_t warr[29]; // 期待的字符串为 28 字节加 1 个空终止符
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
    //setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    //int __CRTDECL _snwprintf(
    //    _Out_writes_opt_(_BufferCount) _Post_maybez_ wchar_t* _Buffer,
    //    _In_                                         size_t         _BufferCount,
    //    _In_z_ _Printf_format_string_                wchar_t const* _Format,
    //    ...)
    _snwprintf(warr, sizeof warr / sizeof * warr, L"从 UTF-8 转换: %ls", narrow_str);
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", warr);
    //int __CRTDECL _snwprintf_s(
    //    _Out_writes_opt_(_BufferCount) _Always_(_Post_z_) wchar_t* const _Buffer,
    //    _In_                                              size_t         const _BufferCount,
    //    _In_                                              size_t         const _MaxCount,
    //    _In_z_ _Printf_format_string_                     wchar_t const* const _Format,
    //    ...)
    wchar_t warrs[29];
    wchar_t srcs[] = L"长江长城黄山黄河";
    _snwprintf_s(warrs, sizeof warrs / sizeof * warrs, 6, L"%ls", srcs); //取srcs前面6个放到warrs中
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", warrs);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fwprintf
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/snprintf-snprintf-snprintf-l-snwprintf-snwprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/snprintf-s-snprintf-s-l-snwprintf-s-snwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

vwprintf / vwprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


void vwprintf_test(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
    static int vwp = 0;
    wprintf(L"档案%d\n", ++vwp);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vwprintf(format, args);
    va_end(args);
    putwchar('\n');
}

void vwprintf_s_test(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
    static int vwps = 0;
    wprintf_s(L"档案%d\n", ++vwps);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vwprintf_s(format, args);
    va_end(args);
    putwchar('\n');
}


int main(void)
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    vwprintf_test(L"vwprintf 姓名: %ls\n", L"张三");
    vwprintf_test(L"vwprintf 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n", L"李四", L'男');
    vwprintf_test(L"vwprintf姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n年龄：%d\n", L"王五", L'男', 25);

    //vwprintf_s example
    vwprintf_s_test(L"vwprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n", L"张三");
    vwprintf_s_test(L"vwprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n", L"李四", L'男');
    vwprintf_s_test(L"vwprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n年龄：%d\n", L"王五", L'男', 25);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/vfwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_vwprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_vwprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/vprintf-vprintf-l-vwprintf-vwprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/vprintf-s-vprintf-s-l-vwprintf-s-vwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

vfwprintf / vfwprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

void vfwprintf_test(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
    static int vfwp = 0;
    wprintf(L"档案%d\n", ++vfwp);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vfwprintf(stdout, format, args);
    va_end(args);
    putwchar('\n');
}

void vfwprintf_s_test(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
    static int vfwps = 0;
    wprintf_s(L"档案%d\n", ++vfwps);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vfwprintf_s(stdout, format, args);
    va_end(args);
    putwchar('\n');
}

int main(void)
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    vfwprintf_test(L"vfwprintf 姓名: %ls\n", L"张三");
    vfwprintf_test(L"vfwprintf 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n", L"李四", L'男');
    vfwprintf_test(L"vfwprintf 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n年龄：%d\n", L"王五", L'男', 25);
    //vfwprintf_s example
    vfwprintf_s_test(L"vfwprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n", L"张三s");
    vfwprintf_s_test(L"vfwprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n", L"李四s", L'男');
    vfwprintf_s_test(L"vfwprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n年龄：%d\n", L"王五s", L'男', 35);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/vfwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_vfwprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_vfwprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/vfprintf-vfprintf-l-vfwprintf-vfwprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/vfprintf-s-vfprintf-s-l-vfwprintf-s-vfwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

vswprintf / vswprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


void vswprintf_test(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
    static int vswp = 0;
    wchar_t wArr[100];
    wprintf(L"档案%d\n", ++vswp);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vswprintf(wArr, 100, format, args);
    va_end(args);
    fputws(wArr, stdout);
}

void vswprintf_s_test(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
    static int vswps = 0;
    wchar_t wArr[256];
    wprintf_s(L"档案%d\n", ++vswps);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vswprintf_s(wArr, 256, format, args);
    va_end(args);
    fputws(wArr, stdout);
}

int main(void)
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    vswprintf_test(L"vswprintf 姓名: %ls\n\n", L"张三");
    vswprintf_test(L"vswprintf 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n\n", L"李四", L'男');
    vswprintf_test(L"vswprintf 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n年龄：%d\n\n", L"王五", L'男', 25);
    //vswprintf_s example
    vswprintf_s_test(L"vswprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n\n", L"张三s");
    vswprintf_s_test(L"vswprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n\n", L"李四s", L'男');
    vswprintf_s_test(L"vswprintf_s 姓名: %ls\n性别：%lc\n年龄：%d\n\n", L"王五s", L'男', 35);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/vfwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_vswprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_vswprintf_s.html

_vsnwprintf / _vsnwprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


void _vsnwprintf_test(LPCWSTR formatstring, ...)
{
    int nSize = 0;
    wchar_t buff[10];
    memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, formatstring);
    //int __CRTDECL _vsnwprintf(
    //    _Out_writes_opt_(_BufferCount) _Post_maybez_ wchar_t* _Buffer,
    //    _In_                                         size_t         _BufferCount,
    //    _In_z_ _Printf_format_string_                wchar_t const* _Format,
    //    va_list        _ArgList
    //)
    nSize = _vsnwprintf(buff, 10 - 1, formatstring, args); // C4996
    wprintf(L"nSize: %d, buff: %ls\n", nSize, buff);
    va_end(args);
}

void vsnwprintf_s_test(LPCSTR formatstring, ...)
{
    int nSize = 0;
    wchar_t buff[30];
    memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, formatstring);
    //int __CRTDECL _vsnwprintf_s(
    //    _Out_writes_opt_(_BufferCount) _Always_(_Post_z_) wchar_t* const _Buffer,
    //    _In_                                              size_t         const _BufferCount,
    //    _In_                                              size_t         const _MaxCount,
    //    _In_z_ _Printf_format_string_                     wchar_t const* const _Format,
    //    va_list              _ArgList
    //)
    nSize = _vsnwprintf_s(buff, _countof(buff), _TRUNCATE, formatstring, args);
    wprintf(L"nSize: %d, buff: %s\n", nSize, buff);
    va_end(args);
}

int main() {
    _vsnwprintf_test(L"%ls %ls", L"Hi", L"there");
    _vsnwprintf_test(L"%ls %ls", L"Hi", L"there!");
    _vsnwprintf_test(L"%ls %ls", L"Hi", L"there!!");

    vsnwprintf_s_test(L"%s %s", L"Hi", L"vsnwprintf_s_test");
    vsnwprintf_s_test(L"%s %s", L"Hi", L"vsnwprintf_s_test!!");
    vsnwprintf_s_test(L"%s %s", L"Hi", L"vsnwprintf_s_test!!!");


    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/vfwprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_vswprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_vswprintf_s.html