QSetting读写配置文件的基本使用

在Qt开发过程中，有时候需要我们保存一些软件的信息，比如：资源版本号，固件版本，注册码等信息，一般我们可能写到配置文件xml或json文件中，其实Qt有自带的QSetting类可以写到ini文件中，QSetting功能还是比较全面的，既可以写到本地文件中，也可写注册表，本文介绍它的基本用法。

1.写到本地文件中。
QSettings settings("aSetting.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
aSetting.ini是文件名，QSettings::IniFormat表明是文件格式以后缀ini结尾。
代码示例如下：
写ini文件：

QSettings settings("aSetting.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
settings.setValue("name", "Scott");
settings.setValue("height", 174.6);
settings.setValue("weight", 58.6);

这里没有分组，默认为[General]组。 

读ini文件：

QSettings settings("aSetting.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
QString name = settings.value("name", "").toString();           //默认值为空
float height = settings.value("height", 1.6f).toFloat();        //默认值为1.6
float weight = settings.value("weight", 18.6f).toFloat();       //默认值为18.6
qDebug() << "slotReadSetting======name====" << name << " height=" << height << " weight=" << weight;

2.以beginGroup，endGroup分组的方式读写ini文件
写ini文件：

    QSettings settings("aSetting2.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    settings.setIniCodec(QTextCodec::codecForName("GB2312"));
    settings.beginGroup("string");
    settings.setValue("name", QStringLiteral("何静"));
    settings.setValue("sex", QStringLiteral("男"));
    settings.setValue("nation", QStringLiteral("汉族"));
    settings.endGroup();
    settings.beginGroup("data");
    settings.setValue("age", 30);
    settings.setValue("height", 173.1);
    settings.setValue("weight", 62.2);
    settings.endGroup();

这里有两个分组，string组和data组。 

读ini文件：

    QSettings settings("aSetting2.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    settings.beginGroup("string");
    QString name = settings.value("name", "").toString();//默认值为空
    QString sex = settings.value("sex", "").toString();//默认值为空
    QString nation = settings.value("nation", "汉族").toString();//默认值为"汉族"
    settings.endGroup();
    settings.beginGroup("data");
    int age = settings.value("age", 0).toInt();
    float height = settings.value("height", 0.0f).toFloat();
    float weight = settings.value("weight", 0.0f).toFloat();
    settings.endGroup();
    qDebug() << "slotTitleReadSetting======name====" << name << " sex=" << sex << " nation=" << nation;
    qDebug() << "slotTitleReadSetting======age=====" << age << " height=" << height << " weight=" << weight;

3.也可以不用beginGroup，endGroup分组，在读写ini文件的时候把组名加到key的前面。
写ini文件：

    QSettings settings("aSetting3.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    settings.setIniCodec(QTextCodec::codecForName("GB2312"));
    settings.setValue("string/name", QStringLiteral("金玉清"));
    settings.setValue("string/sex", QStringLiteral("女"));
    settings.setValue("string/nation", QStringLiteral("朝鲜族"));
    settings.setValue("data/age", 33);
    settings.setValue("data/height", 163.1);
    settings.setValue("data/weight", 52.2);

读ini文件：

    QSettings settings("aSetting3.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    QString name = settings.value("string/name", "").toString();
    QString sex = settings.value("string/sex", "").toString();
    QString nation = settings.value("string/nation", "汉族").toString();

    int age = settings.value("data/age", 0).toInt();
    float height = settings.value("data/height", 0.0f).toFloat();
    float weight = settings.value("data/weight", 0.0f).toFloat();
    qDebug() << "slotLayerReadSetting======name====" << name << " sex=" << sex << " nation=" << nation;
    qDebug() << "slotLayerReadSetting======age=====" << age << " height=" << height << " weight=" << weight;

4.QSetting读写注册表，根据构造函数，前一个参数是组织名，后一个参数是应用名：
QSettings(const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = nullptr);
下面看代码示例：
写注册表：

    QSettings settings("Wumu Soft", "Clipper");
    settings.setValue("version", "2.6.5");
    settings.setValue("lastTime", 1697190536);

 

读注册表：

    QSettings settings("Wumu Soft", "Clipper");
    QString version = settings.value("version").toString();
    qint64 lastTime = settings.value("lastTime").toLongLong();
    qDebug() << "version==============" << version << " lastTime=====" << lastTime;

完整代码如下：

#ifndef QSETTINGDEMO_H
#define QSETTINGDEMO_H

#include <QMainWindow>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class QSettingDemo; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class QSettingDemo : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    QSettingDemo(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~QSettingDemo();
    void initData();

public slots:
    void slotReadSetting();
    void slotWriteSetting();

    void slotTitleReadSetting();
    void slotTitleWriteSetting();

    void slotLayerReadSetting();
    void slotLayerWriteSetting();

    void slotReadRegedit();
    void slotWriteRegedit();

private:
    Ui::QSettingDemo *ui;
};
#endif // QSETTINGDEMO_H

#include "qsettingdemo.h"
#include "ui_qsettingdemo.h"
#include <QSettings>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTextCodec>
#include <QIntValidator>

QSettingDemo::QSettingDemo(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::QSettingDemo)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    initData();
}

QSettingDemo::~QSettingDemo()
{
    delete ui;
}

void QSettingDemo::initData()
{
    QValidator *validator = new QIntValidator(0, 9, ui->lineEdit);
    // the edit lineedit will only accept integers between 100 and 999
    ui->lineEdit->setValidator(validator);

    connect(ui->btnRead, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotReadSetting()));
    connect(ui->btnWrite, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotWriteSetting()));
    connect(ui->btnReadTitle, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotTitleReadSetting()));
    connect(ui->btnWriteTitle, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotTitleWriteSetting()));
    connect(ui->btnReadLayer, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotLayerReadSetting()));
    connect(ui->btnWriteLayer, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotLayerWriteSetting()));
    connect(ui->btnReadRegedit, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotReadRegedit()));
    connect(ui->btnWriteRegedit, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotWriteRegedit()));
}

void QSettingDemo::slotReadSetting()
{
    QSettings settings("aSetting.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    QString name = settings.value("name", "").toString();           //默认值为空
    float height = settings.value("height", 1.6f).toFloat();        //默认值为1.6
    float weight = settings.value("weight", 18.6f).toFloat();       //默认值为18.6
    qDebug() << "slotReadSetting======name====" << name << " height=" << height << " weight=" << weight;
}

void QSettingDemo::slotWriteSetting()
{
    QSettings settings("aSetting.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    settings.setValue("name", "Scott");
    settings.setValue("height", 174.6);
    settings.setValue("weight", 58.6);


}

void QSettingDemo::slotTitleReadSetting()
{
    QSettings settings("aSetting2.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    //settings.setIniCodec(QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8"));
    settings.beginGroup("string");
    QString name = settings.value("name", "").toString();//默认值为空
    QString sex = settings.value("sex", "").toString();//默认值为空
    QString nation = settings.value("nation", "汉族").toString();//默认值为"汉族"
    settings.endGroup();
    settings.beginGroup("data");
    int age = settings.value("age", 0).toInt();
    float height = settings.value("height", 0.0f).toFloat();
    float weight = settings.value("weight", 0.0f).toFloat();
    settings.endGroup();
}

void QSettingDemo::slotTitleWriteSetting()
{
    QSettings settings("aSetting2.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    settings.setIniCodec(QTextCodec::codecForName("GB2312"));
    settings.beginGroup("string");
    settings.setValue("name", QStringLiteral("何静"));
    settings.setValue("sex", QStringLiteral("男"));
    settings.setValue("nation", QStringLiteral("汉族"));
    settings.endGroup();
    settings.beginGroup("data");
    settings.setValue("age", 30);
    settings.setValue("height", 173.1);
    settings.setValue("weight", 62.2);
    settings.endGroup();
}

void QSettingDemo::slotLayerReadSetting()
{
    QSettings settings("aSetting3.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    //settings.setIniCodec(QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8"));
    QString name = settings.value("string/name", "").toString();
    QString sex = settings.value("string/sex", "").toString();
    QString nation = settings.value("string/nation", "汉族").toString();

    int age = settings.value("data/age", 0).toInt();
    float height = settings.value("data/height", 0.0f).toFloat();
    float weight = settings.value("data/weight", 0.0f).toFloat();
    qDebug() << "slotLayerReadSetting======name====" << name << " sex=" << sex << " nation=" << nation;
    qDebug() << "slotLayerReadSetting======age=====" << age << " height=" << height << " weight=" << weight;
}

void QSettingDemo::slotLayerWriteSetting()
{
    QSettings settings("aSetting3.ini", QSettings::IniFormat, this);
    settings.setIniCodec(QTextCodec::codecForName("GB2312"));
    settings.setValue("string/name", QStringLiteral("金玉清"));
    settings.setValue("string/sex", QStringLiteral("女"));
    settings.setValue("string/nation", QStringLiteral("朝鲜族"));
    settings.setValue("data/age", 33);
    settings.setValue("data/height", 163.1);
    settings.setValue("data/weight", 52.2);
}

void QSettingDemo::slotReadRegedit()
{
    QSettings settings("Wumu Soft", "Clipper");
    QString version = settings.value("version").toString();
    qint64 lastTime = settings.value("lastTime").toLongLong();
    qDebug() << "version==============" << version << " lastTime=====" << lastTime;
}

void QSettingDemo::slotWriteRegedit()
{
    QSettings settings("Wumu Soft", "Clipper");
    settings.setValue("version", "2.6.5");
    settings.setValue("lastTime", 1697190536);
}